tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31249371333809792082024-03-12T20:16:06.476-04:00Roots RevealedMelvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.comBlogger80125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-81671290696686051012018-11-11T18:38:00.004-05:002018-11-11T18:50:34.818-05:00Veterans Day Tribute: Honoring My Look-Alike and Others’ Service in World War I<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilyJcGbwYBMrDn1ulETyEpkDY5z5BAme7UFpPUhTB4QLXcwMQ2HtSKBr69d9nBU85vrBY9IPPA_Q5ck43PRF-WWaiAxzbKzRzmUNtVwQLRHGDsqvi4w7I_nAEZhYncDEwONqMiY8sDKN0/s1600/Davis%252C+John+Wesley+%2526+Jessie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="508" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilyJcGbwYBMrDn1ulETyEpkDY5z5BAme7UFpPUhTB4QLXcwMQ2HtSKBr69d9nBU85vrBY9IPPA_Q5ck43PRF-WWaiAxzbKzRzmUNtVwQLRHGDsqvi4w7I_nAEZhYncDEwONqMiY8sDKN0/s400/Davis%252C+John+Wesley+%2526+Jessie.jpg" width="297" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"><i>John Wesley Davis & Jessie Franklin Davis - This picture was taken shortly before they were drafted to serve in World War I.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">When I
first posted this picture of my great-uncles, <b>John Wesley Davis</b> and <b>Jessie
Franklin Davis</b> of Panola County, Mississippi (L to R), a number of people,
including family members, remarked that I bear a strong resemblance to Uncle
John Wesley. I see some resemblance, but I wasn’t surprised by their
observation. I am known to bear a strong resemblance to other members of my
maternal grandmother’s family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Nonetheless,
for Veterans Day this year, on the 100th anniversary of Armistice Day, the end of World War I, I also pay homage to them, who were both World War
I veterans. Born on 13 December 1893 and 22 February 1896, respectively, near
Como, Mississippi, Uncles John Wesley and Jessie were the first two children
born to my great-grandparents, John Hector Davis & Mary Danner Davis. My grandmother,
Minnie Davis Reed, was the youngest of their nine children. Great-Grandpa John
had four additional children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://rootsrevealed.wordpress.com/2018/11/11/veterans-day-tribute-honoring-my-look-alike-and-others-service-in-world-war-1/"><b>READ
MORE HERE</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-67960259381327815912018-11-07T16:13:00.001-05:002018-11-07T16:13:56.963-05:0025 Do’s and Don’ts of DNA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjELzC1YT2b9BuhYBttAvLnC8tYDcYdUuETq9UAsjoPUCL83nRzutK8sRGmuvY40fFqJKQO81sXH7IslaBvt3Oy7FN9c-RJ4uwq8ynS2R9Sgb61QtCQzDIxWJ06Zr1kYaa1dlAL_cNYLvk/s1600/DNA+Graphic+blogger.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="216" data-original-width="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjELzC1YT2b9BuhYBttAvLnC8tYDcYdUuETq9UAsjoPUCL83nRzutK8sRGmuvY40fFqJKQO81sXH7IslaBvt3Oy7FN9c-RJ4uwq8ynS2R9Sgb61QtCQzDIxWJ06Zr1kYaa1dlAL_cNYLvk/s1600/DNA+Graphic+blogger.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">I first
wrote this in January 2015 with 20 tips. Advancements in DNA technology and
more DNA options have surfaced since then, making it necessary for me to update
this blog post. Keep in mind, the comical yet serious tone of this post
reflects my love for DNA technology. Maybe “addiction” or fanatic is a better
word. I don’t desire any professional help for this. Also, these 25 tips are my
perspectives. Of course, adoptees are exempt. You don’t have to agree with some
of these. However, a written lecture on why I should be thinking the way you do
about some of these dos and don’ts may get ignored. You’ve been forewarned.
Well, here goes again ……<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">(1) Please
do not take any DNA test without first trying to put together your family tree.
DNA test-takers need to have started working on their family tree before
jumping to DNA. DNA alone will not magically generate your family tree for you.
I’m actually glad it doesn’t because researching is fun. <b>Genealogy research + DNA technology = An Indelible Marriage</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">(2) After
you get your DNA results from either AncestryDNA, 23andMe, MyHeritage,
FamilyTree DNA (FTDNA), or etc., some of your DNA matches may send you a
message. Please respond. Also, if you took the 23andMe test, please accept
invitations to share ancestry reports. It’s your choice if you want strangers
to also see your health reports. To ignore someone’s message is just rude and
disrespectful, in my opinion. The “I Don’t Have Time” excuse will likely fall
on deaf ears. Utilizing DNA to uncover family histories and to solve family
mysteries is a serious matter for many. If you are not interested in
communicating with DNA matches, think about opting out of making yourself
visible. We don’t need to see your name and be reminded how rude you are being
by not responding, especially if we share a lot of DNA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://rootsrevealed.wordpress.com/2018/11/07/25-dos-and-donts-of-dna/">READ
MORE HERE</a></span></b>Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-13066242619573044322018-10-06T21:19:00.000-04:002018-10-07T19:02:16.101-04:00Dropped Off in the Caribbean: DNA and the Middle Passage<br />
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qed6D-pnwoV45n_HjyFU-2c1MjsiQvk28gF70x98ENYMjgVUIyKvZruW5-N0vTACDg_QgKsQgOko4lTnTuc7SUFuZhX1qwzMKvCjp9n6s9CL97TE9GyrT8RluIwUkHrvACHjd1K0h2Y/s1600/Caribbean_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qed6D-pnwoV45n_HjyFU-2c1MjsiQvk28gF70x98ENYMjgVUIyKvZruW5-N0vTACDg_QgKsQgOko4lTnTuc7SUFuZhX1qwzMKvCjp9n6s9CL97TE9GyrT8RluIwUkHrvACHjd1K0h2Y/s1600/Caribbean_map.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Many
of us African Americans have Caribbean roots. We may fall into one of four
categories: (1) Born in the Caribbean and emigrated to America; (2) Had parents
and/or grandparents who were originally from the Caribbean; (3) Had a
great-grandparent or a further ancestor whose Caribbean origins are known
and documented; or (4) Have no known Caribbean-born ancestors within several generations
of our family, but we plausibly theorize that at least one enslaved ancestor may
have been from the Caribbean, or a distant family member ended up in the
Caribbean, based on what we know or think we know about the transatlantic slave
trade. I am in category 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Many
seem to believe that a majority of our African ancestors, who were brought to
the United States, were in the Caribbean first for a period of time. That is
not the case. Historians estimate that the vast majority, over 80 percent, of
enslaved Africans disembarked in the United States came directly from Africa. The
majority had never stepped foot on Caribbean soil. However, many of us, who are
in category 4, are garnering DNA evidence that suggests strong ties to the
Caribbean. In our databases of DNA relatives from Ancestry.com, 23andMe, MyHeritage,
etc., some of our genetic cousins or their parents are from Jamaica, Barbados, Puerto
Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Haiti, Grenada, and other places in the
Caribbean. Here’s one example I discovered that involves DNA triangulation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Per
23andMe, a DNA cousin, who I will call “Cousin Alvarez,” shares 23 cM <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">[4553 SNPs]</i> of identical DNA on chromosome
4 with my mother, her brother, and their first cousin, who is my grandfather’s
niece. That amount of DNA is in the predicted 4th cousin range, but it doesn’t
necessarily mean that Cousin Alvarez is their 4th cousin, who shares the same third-great-grandparent(s).
But what is most interesting about Cousin Alvarez is what he wrote on his
profile: “My Dad is paternal Filipino and maternal Chinese/Panamanian, and my
Mom is paternal Guamanian and maternal Mexican.” Under “Ancestors Location,” he
indicates that his Mom’s Mom was born in Mexico, his Mom’s Dad was born in
Guam, his Dad’s Mom was born in Panama, and his Dad’s Dad was born in the Philippines.
What a mix! How on earth are we related to him?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Additionally, his ancestry composition includes <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6.7%
Sub-Saharan African</b>, 52.6% Southeast Asian (Guam), 24.9% European, 6.6% Native
American (Panama), 1.4% Chinese, and etc. 23andMe shows an ancestry composition
chromosome painting, and a large segment on his chromosome 4, where he matches
my family, is Sub-Saharan African. Therefore, we share a common African
ancestor from which that identical DNA on chromosome 4 originated from. Interestingly,
many people of African descent from Trinidad, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica,
Grenada, Haiti, Barbados and Jamaica were brought to Panama to build the Panama
Canal, which started construction in 1881. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Under
“Relatives in Common” are six other people who are marked as "Yes" under “Shared DNA.”
Having shared DNA means that you and your genetic relatives share a portion of
the same identical DNA segment. In other words, each of those six DNA relatives
inherited portions of that same identical Sub-Saharan African segment on
chromosome 4 that Cousin Alvarez and my mother (and her brother and first cousin) inherited. All 10 of them represent
a “DNA triangulation group,” roughly defined as three or more people who share
a valid chromosome segment that came from a common ancestor. Three of those six
people indicate close ties to the Caribbean! Let’s look at the chromosome matching
with those three people. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjde_6gdGVTxequENZ10wYU7kGreS2scDTCuk-DVJHj630h6_1IkkOMM8PuWMFxn4Ok7bE0kvkc9g9NA9bOOvN0A2NBLaNMjbeRrxtg3hvZNI75ypJiTUKHnHtWxhrvKxI5GPK0Dntd9pw/s1600/Alvarez+matching.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="142" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjde_6gdGVTxequENZ10wYU7kGreS2scDTCuk-DVJHj630h6_1IkkOMM8PuWMFxn4Ok7bE0kvkc9g9NA9bOOvN0A2NBLaNMjbeRrxtg3hvZNI75ypJiTUKHnHtWxhrvKxI5GPK0Dntd9pw/s1600/Alvarez+matching.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">DNA Sharing with Cousin Alvarez and My Family, Cousins A, B, & C on Chromosome 4</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">My
Family (purple)</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
– This is my mom, her brother, and their first cousin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">COUSIN
A (orange)</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
– She stated that her mother is from Asheville, North Carolina, her father is from
Oklahoma, and her paternal grandparents are Creole from Louisiana. She also speculates
that her grandmother had roots in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Haiti</b>.
Sharing 64 cM on chromosome 4, Cousin A and Cousin Alvarez share a total of <u>115
cM over 3 segments</u>, which is in the range of second cousins once removed to
third cousins. However, she doesn't have any idea how she could be this closely related
to him. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">COUSIN
B (gold)</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
– On her 23andMe profile, she indicates that her Mom’s Mom was born in the U.S.,
her Mom’s Dad was born in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Barbados</b>,
her Dad’s Mom was born in Honduras, and her Dad’s Dad was born in Belize.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">COUSIN
C (green)</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
– On her 23andMe profile, she indicates that her Mom’s Dad was born in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jamaica</b>. The other three grandparents
were born in the U.S.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fortunately,
Cousin C uploaded her raw data file to <a href="http://www.gedmatch.com/">GEDmatch.com</a>, which enabled me to compare
her to other relatives who had taken other DNA tests and had also uploaded to
GEDmatch. To aid in solving genealogical mysteries, this process is highly recommended.
I figured out that my mother, her brother and their first cousin likely inherited
that matching DNA segment on chromosome 4 from their great-grandmother – their fathers’
maternal grandmother, Polly Partee of Panola County, Mississippi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">According
to the 1870 and 1880 U.S. Federal Censuses, Grandma Polly was born around 1830.
Her birthplace was reported as being North Carolina. By 1850, she had become enslaved
by Squire Boone Partee of Panola County. Unfortunately, I haven’t been able to
unearth where in North Carolina she came from and how Squire Partee obtained
her. In my mind, I envision a young enslaved girl being placed on the auction
block somewhere in North Carolina, sold to a speculator who takes her to Mississippi,
never to see her family again, and subsequently purchased by Squire Partee.
According to oral history, Grandma Polly was the head cook on the Partee plantation during and after slavery. DNA sleuthing indicates that she had family
ties to once-enslaved Bullock families from Granville County, North Carolina <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(for a future blog post)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">This
discovery reminded me of a conversation that I had with my cousin’s Jamaican
wife, who also tested her DNA. She observed, “I have a lot of DNA relatives
from North Carolina.” North Carolina played a very small role in the
transatlantic slave trade because of its geography. Just over 3,000 of the
nearly 400,000 enslaved Africans who were brought to the U.S. during the Middle
Passage were disembarked in North Carolina. The string of islands on the Outer
Banks created dangerous conditions for slave ships to land. Consequently, most ships opted to dock in ports to the north or south of the state. One
exception was Wilmington, which is located on the Cape Fear River. Wilmington
became a slave port because of its accessibility. Other accessible North
Carolina ports that saw some slave importation activity were Brunswick,
Edenton, Beaufort, and New Bern. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Therefore,
slave trading in North Carolina has largely gone unstudied. I found some slave
trading data that provided a snapshot of slave trading activity in the state. It
shows a strong link between the Caribbean and North Carolina. See chart below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdep2NHn7Tn-FLGRsMIOnshueZsw6loT2CpLGktGZe3w1_6S7Kp3aEaVoE4dxoh52h4OGkRZ1dmXW7JBVhgkdV6ZHL2nzp7o97Ik4bNum0JskKZXfsSLdaK80-ADv1Ke5G_nvKvkI4vT4/s1600/NCImports.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdep2NHn7Tn-FLGRsMIOnshueZsw6loT2CpLGktGZe3w1_6S7Kp3aEaVoE4dxoh52h4OGkRZ1dmXW7JBVhgkdV6ZHL2nzp7o97Ik4bNum0JskKZXfsSLdaK80-ADv1Ke5G_nvKvkI4vT4/s1600/NCImports.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">(Source: </span><a href="http://www.ncpublications.com/colonial/Nchr/Subjects/minchinton.htm" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The Seaborne Slave Trade of North Carolina by Walter E. Minchinton</a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">According
to historian Walter E. Minchinton, this record of the number of enslaved people
imported into North Carolina is still incomplete. However, this snapshot
reveals a small yet steady flow of trade into the state during the 18th
century. Enslaved people were disembarked into the state almost every year between 1720 and 1775,
except the periods of war in the 1740s and 1757-1761. After the American
Revolution, the trade revived and continued until 1790. Enslaved people were
brought into North Carolina from both other mainland colonies and the Caribbean,
with the largest percentage (48%) coming from the Caribbean. Much fewer (16%) came
directly from Africa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Although
I can’t definitively pinpoint Grandma Polly Partee’s origins in North Carolina
at the moment, one thing I can plausibly assert from this DNA discovery –
someone in her family was dropped off in the Caribbean and procreated there. One of Minchinton’s
notations about one of the slave ships that unloaded its human cargo in North
Carolina stated: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The sloop <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Polly</i> (104 tons) of Montego Bay, Jamaica
brought Negroes from thence in 1787 and twice in 1788</b>. Maybe a coincidence?
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-6234509090044350202018-09-17T20:30:00.000-04:002018-09-22T19:39:17.038-04:00Research Tip: Check Your Assumptions<br />
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Researching
and documenting many of my ancestors have not been accomplished without
mistakes from time to time. Mistakes can easily come from drawing the wrong
conclusions from one (or more) sources. In other words, some historical conclusions,
assertions, or assumptions may be drawn from what many may feel to be from "obvious"
research findings. However, the "obvious" may not always be accurate.
For example, genealogist Robyn Smith and I recently discussed one of her
research subjects named Johnnie. We automatically referred to “Johnnie” as if Johnnie was a
male, without a second thought. Surprisingly, Robyn soon discovered that Johnnie was actually a female named Johnnie Mae.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The following scenario is my most recent situation in which I drew an inaccurate conclusion
from what appeared to be “obvious” to me from three sources. I also discovered t<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">hat others made the same mistake. </span>I'm glad that I caught my mistake. Here goes.....</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">At least <span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">six</span> people, who share a
significant amount of DNA <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(41 to 119 cM
over multiple segments)</i> with my father, all have the surname Yarbrough/Yarborough
in their family trees, from Franklin County, North Carolina. See DNA diagram at
the bottom. They also share DNA with numerous other descendants of my father’s
great-grandfather, Robert “Big Bob” Ealy from Leake County, Mississippi. Grandpa
Big Bob had been born around 1818, in Nash County, North Carolina, in an area
near the Nash/Franklin County line where his first enslaver, Jesse Bass, had
lived. Therefore, these <span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">six</span> DNA cousins are related via Grandpa Big
Bob Ealy, who was brought to Mississippi c. 1837, <span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">when</span> Jesse’s youngest daughter,
Frances Bass, and her husband, William W. Eley, migrated to the state. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Three
of the <span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">six</span> DNA cousins descend from a woman named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Neppie Yarbrough Wheless (1872-1926)</b> of Franklin County. Her death
certificate revealed that her parents were John Yarboro and Miley Yarboro. The
other three descend from a man named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fab Yarbrough (born c. 1861)</b> of
Franklin County. Fab’s death certificate has not been found. However, both Fab
and Neppie were found in the 1880 U.S. Federal Census, living in the household
of their father, John Yarbrough, and his wife Miley, who was also known as Mira.
Both of them were born in the mid-1820s. See image below. Per the 1900 U.S.
Federal Census, Miley/Mira was living her daughter and son-in-law, Reddick
& Neppie Wheless, that year. That census<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"> reports that</span> she was the mother
of 12 children with <span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">9</span> alive. Therefore, I had concluded that Fab and Neppie
were both among the 12 children that Mira had birthed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">1880 U.S. Federal Census – the household of John Yarbrough<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Fab Yarbrough and Neppie Yarbrough Wheless were found in
the household of their father, John, and his wife, Miley/Mira.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">Source: 1880 U.S. Federal Census, Cypress Creek, Franklin,
North Carolina; Roll: 963; Page: 595C; Enumeration District: 092; Ancestry.com.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fortunately,
North Carolina has wonderful marriage and cohabitation records that are
accessible on Ancestry.com. Cohabitation records identified and legitimized
marriages of those who had been enslaved in North Carolina. These marriage
records also indicate the approximate year of marriage or cohabitation for formerly
enslaved couples. I found a marriage record for John Yarbrough, which reports
that he and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mara Levister</b> became man
and wife on <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">April 14, 1851</b>. This
was ten years before Fab was born. This marriage record, as well as Neppie’s
death certificate and the 1880 U.S. Federal Census collectively, appear to confirm that John
and Mira were indeed the parents of Fab and Neppie. Unfortunately, I could not find
John and Mira Yarbrough in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I
added this Yarbrough family to my online family tree on Ancestry.com. I soon got
a green leaf hint to numerous other family trees that also had Fab and Neppie
as two of the children of John and Mira Yarbrough. Weeks later, I continued the
research. I researched the 1870 U.S. Census more thoroughly by
searching for some of the children, instead of looking for John and Mira again. I then
found something that was weird. An 11-year-old male named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fabricius Yarbrough</i></b> was
found in a household headed by a woman named Ceily Yarbrough in Franklin County.
See image below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">1870 U.S. Federal Census – the household of Ceily Yarbrough<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Maria (15), Turner (13), and Fabricius <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">(11)</span> resided with Ceily. An
elderly couple, Hampton & Gilley Yarbrough, and her son, Matthew Yarbrough (22),
lived next door; his marriage record confirmed Celia as his mother.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">Source: 1870 U.S. Federal Census, Louisburg, Franklin,
North Carolina; Roll: M593_1137; Page: 591A; Family History Library Film:
552636; Ancestry.com.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Shortly
afterwards, I more thoroughly researched the North Carolina marriage records on
Ancestry.com using wild cards. Wild cards are special symbols used in search engines
to represent unknown letters in a word. Ancestry.com uses the asterisk (*) and
the question mark (?) as wild cards. Read more about wild card usage <a href="https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/Searching-with-Wild-Cards">here</a>.
Lo and behold, I found a marriage record for a “Fob” Yarborough. Transcription errors can be a beast some<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">times! </span>Fab had married
his longtime wife, Lexie Harris, on Dec. 22, 1880, in Franklin County. His
marriage record reports that his parents were John Yarbrough and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cely Yarbrough</b>, both living. See image
below. Fab was Fabricius. I went back to the 1880 U.S. Federal Census and found Cely living next door to
her son, Matthew Yarbrough. She had married a man named James Lewis in 1871.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">North Carolina, Marriage Records, 1741-2011, for F<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">a</span>b
Yarbrough<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Reports his parents as being John Yarborough and Cely Yarborough<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">Source: Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Marriage Records,
1741-2011 [<a href="https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=60548">database
on-line</a>]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Original
data: North Carolina County Registers of Deeds. Microfilm. Record Group 048.
North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Researching
probate/estate records on familysearch.org, I determined that John, Celia/Cely,
Celia’s children, and her next-door neighbors, Hampton & Gilley Yarbrough,
were enslaved by James S. Yarbrough, up until his demise in 1863. James’s father
was Archibald Yarbrough, who died in 1841 in Franklin County. His estate record
indicates that James had inherited them from his father's estate. Mira was not found on
the slave inventories. However, a slave-owning Levister family lived nearby in
the Franklinton district, per the 1850 and 1860 U.S. Federal Censuses and Slave
Schedules. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">As
it turns out, John fathered at least three children with Celia/Cely there on James
S. Yarbrough’s plantation –<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Amy
Yarbrough Dunn (c. 1854),</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Turner
Yarbrough (c. 1858), </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Fabricius
“Fab” Yarbrough (c. 1861)</u></b>. They were named in the slave inventory of
James’s estate with Celia. See image below. Their marriage records verified the
parents’ names. At the same time, I theorize that John’s wife Mira and their
children were most probably enslaved by the Levister Family who lived nearby. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">The slave inventory of James S. Yarbrough’s estate, Franklin
County, North Carolina, Dec. 1863<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Seventy (70) enslaved people were named with their ages.
Included were Hampton, 58, Gilly, 50, John, 38, Celia, age 40, her children, <span style="color: red;">Mathew, 15</span>, Anica, 12, Amy, 9, Miranda, 7, <span style="color: red;">Turner, 5, Fab, 2</span>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">(Source <a href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYN3-37R?i=42&wc=Q6WB-XVS%3A183207601%2C183420701%2C196729301&cc=1911121">here</a>.)</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">To
date, the death certificates and/or marriage records of seven additional children
of John identified Mira as being their mother. Those seven children were: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Louisa Yarbrough McKnight (c. 1851),
Matilda Yarbrough Perry (c. 1852), Rosa Yarbrough Harris (c. 1856), Sarah Yarbrough
Mann (c. 1857), John Yarbrough Jr. (c. 1863), George W. Yarbrough (c. 1864)</b>,
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Neppie Yarbrough Wheless (c. 1872)</u></b>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">John
had two families (at least), and his son Fab by Celia/Cely resided with him and
Mira in 1880. This is what threw me off! What may appear to be obvious may not
be. <u>Research tip</u>: Always do additional research to verify who was the
actual mother of the children in the household (and outside the household). Often, the wife was not the
mother of all. This is especially important with families who had been
enslaved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Since I haven't found any other family connection between these <span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">six</span> Yarbrough descendants, this
discovery is strongly suggesting that Grandpa Big Bob Ealy was closely related
somehow to John Yarbrough (born c. 1824). I had previously theorized that the
connection was somehow via Mira Levister Yarbrough. I continue to work to try
to figure out how!<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">DNA Sharing Between My Father and Descendants of John
Yarbrough of Franklin County, N.C.</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Overlapping
segments on chromosome 7 between my father and Cousin B (orange), Cousin C (gold), and Cousin D (purple), who took the 23andMe DNA test. </span><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cousins A, E, and F took the
AncestryDNA test but haven't uploaded to GEDmatch.com; therefore, no chromosome info is available for them.</span></i></div>
<br />Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-11830884445607425442018-06-16T16:47:00.000-04:002018-06-16T20:28:09.371-04:00Juneteenth Celebration: Our Freedom Day Story<br />
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<i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; text-align: left;">My
cousins, Armentha Reed Puryear and the late Isaac “Ike” Deberry of Senatobia,
Mississippi, both listened to their grandfather Bill Reed talk about that day
in 1865 when Lemuel Reid stood on this very porch they are standing on and
announced to all who were enslaved on the Reid Place that they were free.</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9QJglinwTsXRBtK-NoM1_An08kRgK2xlNyPsFW655Z-t-4-R9XTojjQWyiGrscsyiiYfxhLyGm3vfaYf_Ag4nOGBF-_oTr_fGC1Vbs0u1HA8cRS03Hpbx2k0rSQ12L7CLGWhBaaEcECU/s1600/LemuelReid_House_Abbeville.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9QJglinwTsXRBtK-NoM1_An08kRgK2xlNyPsFW655Z-t-4-R9XTojjQWyiGrscsyiiYfxhLyGm3vfaYf_Ag4nOGBF-_oTr_fGC1Vbs0u1HA8cRS03Hpbx2k0rSQ12L7CLGWhBaaEcECU/s1600/LemuelReid_House_Abbeville.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The Reid Place, the old home of Lemuel Reid, near Abbeville, South Carolina, as it stood in 2004.</i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">JUNETEENTH</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> is a special holiday
that commemorates the announcement of the abolition of slavery in Galveston, Texas
on June 19, 1865. On that day, Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger read General Order
#3:</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">“The people of Texas
are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the
United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of
personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and
the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer
and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present
homes and work for wages. They are informed that they will not be allowed to
collect at military posts and that they will not be supported in idleness
either there or elsewhere.” <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
celebration of June 19th was coined “Juneteenth” that soon evolved into a national
celebration of the emancipation from chattel slavery in the United States. The
Emancipation Proclamation, with an effective date of January 1, 1863, did not immediately
emancipate most enslaved African Americans in the South, especially in Texas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I
often wonder about the day my enslaved ancestors were told that they were free.
How did they feel? What did they do? Did they cry a river of tears? This day was
undoubtedly a dream come true. After Alice
Marie Johnson was recently pardoned after serving over 20 years in prison for a first-time, nonviolent offense, she stated that she performed a “Pentecostal
holy dance” upon hearing the news from Kim Kardashian. I imagine the same type
of jubilation that my enslaved ancestors displayed when they heard, “You are
now free.” What an emotional day that must have been! The only difference here
is that my enslaved ancestors had not been too-long imprisoned for a crime they
committed; they and their ancestors had been held in inhumane yet legal bondage
against their will for over 200 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Fortunately,
my cousin, the late Isaac “Ike” Deberry Sr. (1914-2009), recalled a special
story that his maternal grandfather – my mother’s paternal grandfather, <b>William
“Bill” Reed</b> (1846-1937) of Senatobia, Mississippi – had shared with the family
about his “Freedom Day.” Cousin Ike had a very close relationship with Grandpa
Bill and remembered many accounts he shared with him. Although Grandpa Bill was
a reserved man, I’m told, he was not tight-lipped about his experiences during
slavery in South Carolina. Cousin Ike voiced so many mouth-dropping stories to
me, that this vast amount of valuable oral history served as the solid
foundation of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.150yearslater.com/">150 Years Later: Broken Ties Mended</a></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I
listened with excitement as Cousin Ike recalled Grandpa Bill’s “Freedom Day.” He
shared, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Grandpa told me that on the day
they got freed, Lem Reid came out on his porch and called all the slaves up to
the house and said to them, ‘Y’all is as free as I am.’ He asked them to stay
on the place to help him bring in the crop and he promised to pay them. Grandpa
said that they stayed for a lil while and then they decided to follow this man
to Mississippi to make a better living for themselves.”</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In
an earlier recollection, Cousin Ike had shared that an unknown man from
Mississippi came to Abbeville, South Carolina. He saw Grandpa Bill and others taking
a break from working in the field, approached them, and told them that <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Mississippi was the land of milk and honey
with fat pigs running around with apples in their mouths.”</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Cousin Ike humorously
shared, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Hearing that Mississippi had fat
pigs running around with apples in their mouths got them all excited.” </i>Grandpa
Bill, a younger sister Mary, and others packed up their wagons and moved to
near Senatobia, Mississippi around Jan. 1866. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(DNA is indicating that another sister, Louvenia, remained in
Abbeville; more later.)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Grandpa
Bill Reed married Sarah Partee-Edwards in 1871, and they had eleven children.
He died on Nov. 30, 1937, at the old age of 91. During the week of his death,
he had been out chopping wood. He lived to see 53 of his 57 grandchildren, as
well as a number of great-grandchildren. Many of those grandchildren and
great-grandchildren listened to his stories while sitting underneath his
sycamore tree. His stories were not forgotten. On July 8, 2004, members of Reed
Family visited Abbeville, South Carolina for the first time. We finally saw
what Grandpa Bill had talked about for many years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg126kiyFIMHZhoMv6_ATyW3DnH92ARqQ63c8M5GC_M8_zervdReRRUMYe8gqYJHHS5heoKEMKl5PczH7zeFFdDau6cLvllXqUsGbwcsqd_TKgAB4gXeyXSGcQRRZPzv41b2LK9gEhBFzU/s1600/Abbeville+Welcome.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg126kiyFIMHZhoMv6_ATyW3DnH92ARqQ63c8M5GC_M8_zervdReRRUMYe8gqYJHHS5heoKEMKl5PczH7zeFFdDau6cLvllXqUsGbwcsqd_TKgAB4gXeyXSGcQRRZPzv41b2LK9gEhBFzU/s1600/Abbeville+Welcome.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">The descendants of Lemuel Reid placed this Welcome sign in their storefront to recognize our return back to Abbeville, South Carolina after 138 years.</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJpuK0bRps2a0HewTw2-GD4Ylmx5C-94A_FDrVGR9nFeWmvt7g-NXsTQxTkjTZL4XU_IYPuZIN_BjegCeD0LTk2jHe-KLuytHQ9k6gDkceIRkF7_OstZyFICVFKIwo3lJAbDAhJO2oPz0/s1600/Abbeville+group+pic+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJpuK0bRps2a0HewTw2-GD4Ylmx5C-94A_FDrVGR9nFeWmvt7g-NXsTQxTkjTZL4XU_IYPuZIN_BjegCeD0LTk2jHe-KLuytHQ9k6gDkceIRkF7_OstZyFICVFKIwo3lJAbDAhJO2oPz0/s1600/Abbeville+group+pic+2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Standing on the steps of the Abbeville County Courthouse, July 8, 2004</i></div>
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<i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">(All pictures are the property of Melvin Collier.)</i></div>
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<br />Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-32392602907439328932018-06-01T17:52:00.000-04:002018-06-01T20:14:22.636-04:00Jayson’s Journey: A Slave Schedule Story<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4sEploDBZZnSZq9q-DAnmlr7u5ruwXYs0Ydc8F_jMiXacFfM-dS0gHkwDmM7zO6aWxCwogo_w-HE6NjnoBxTDatUMDxUG2uS-zIIHu37HA9PgWwtGryq3TqWLQXKwhyRje45yn40p0vU/s1600/HezekiahBobo_Tombstone2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="427" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4sEploDBZZnSZq9q-DAnmlr7u5ruwXYs0Ydc8F_jMiXacFfM-dS0gHkwDmM7zO6aWxCwogo_w-HE6NjnoBxTDatUMDxUG2uS-zIIHu37HA9PgWwtGryq3TqWLQXKwhyRje45yn40p0vU/s400/HezekiahBobo_Tombstone2.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Slave
schedules are censuses taken in the 1850 and 1860 U.S. Federal Censuses that
contain the slave-owners’ names and the age, sex, and color of each of their
slaves. Columns also report the number of fugitive and manumitted slaves. There
is also a column that noted enslaved people who were “deaf, blind, insane, or
idiotic.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, very few names
of the enslaved were recorded. First names were only recorded for most who were
100 years old or older. The slave schedules are available for Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Virginia. They are not available for
other states.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">This
week, author and genealogist <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.reclaimingkin.com/">Robyn Smith</a></span> and I talked about historians’ frequent usage of the slave schedules in the TLC television series,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who Do You Think You Are</i>, as well as
Henry Louis Gates’ PBS television series, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Finding
Your Roots</i>. This has been and continues to be a frequent dialogue in the
genealogy community; many researchers express their concerns about how the slave
schedules are used and what conclusions should not be drawn from them. I decided
to present this hypothetical research story as an eye opener. I use the word “hypothetical”
because the research scenario itself and Jayson are fictional, but the ancestors,
documents, and conclusions presented in this blog post are factual. This scenario is a common occurrence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Jayson
Boyce, a journalism major in the Department of Media, Journalism and Film at
Howard University, was given an assignment in his sociology class to write a comprehensive
research paper. The class had a choice – either a research paper detailing a social
aspect of a community or a research paper uncovering the history of a family,
from slavery to the present. The class had to utilize primary sources. Since Jayson
had always been curious about his family roots, he chose the latter. He was
confident that his father’s father could get him started. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Two weeks
later, Jayson flew home to Cleveland, Ohio to talk to his grandfather, who was
81 years old. His grandfather relayed to him how his father, Willis B. Boyce,
was born in 1909, near Poplar Grove, Arkansas, but his family moved to
Cleveland in the mid-1920s, when Willis was a teenager. Jayson did not know
that his family was originally from Arkansas. However, his grandfather gave him
another piece of valuable information. He shared that his father Willis
always talked about a cousin named Tony Boyce who would often come to Arkansas from
Mississippi to visit them. He was famously known as “Cuttin’ Tony from Como.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">After
gathering these important tidbits of oral history, Jayson went to Ancestry.com
to see what he can find out. With relative ease, he was able to find his family
in the 1900, 1910, and 1920 U.S. Federal Census records. They were living in
Phillips County, Arkansas. By the 1930 U.S. Federal Census, the family resided
in Cleveland, Ohio, confirming his grandfather’s account. Jayson also observed
that his
great-great-grandfather, <b>John Boyce</b>, was reported in the 1900 U.S. Federal Census
as being born in January 1872 in Mississippi. Several of John’s siblings were
also in his household, and they were born in Mississippi, too. Jayson
discovered that his family had migrated to Arkansas from Mississippi around 1885.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Since
much of the 1890 U.S. Federal Census was destroyed in a fire, Jayson tried his
luck with the 1880 U.S. Federal Census. He found his great-great-grandfather
John Boyce in the household of his father, <b>Mack Boyce</b>, as well as two of John’s
siblings who were in his household in Arkansas in 1900. They resided in Tate
County, Mississippi. Jayson observed on a map that Tate County is adjacent to
Panola County, where the town of Como is located just five miles from the
Tate-Panola County line. Therefore, he successfully traced back to his three-times-great
grandfather, Mack Boyce, whose age was reported as 35 in 1880. South Carolina
was reported as the birthplace of Mack’s father and mother, as noted in the last
two columns of the 1880 U.S. Federal Census. Undoubtedly being born around 1845
in Mississippi, Mack had been enslaved, and the family’s roots go back to South
Carolina.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">The 1880 U.S. Federal Census of Tate County, Mississippi –
the Boyce Family</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Two of Tony Boyce’s
children, Mack Boyce and Nancy Boyce Rice, lived next door. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">1880 U.S. Federal Census; Census Place: Beat 1, Tate,
Mississippi; Roll: 665; Family History Film: 1254665; Page: 169D; Enumeration
District: 181<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Jayson
couldn’t help but notice that Mack’s next-door neighbors were an elderly couple
named <b>Tony Boyce</b> & Lucy Boyce <i>(see above)</i>. Tony’s reported age was 64, and his birthplace was
noted as South Carolina. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="CurrentCursorPosition"></a>Jayson concluded
that Tony Boyce was Mack’s father and therefore his 4-times-great grandfather. He
also discovered that “Cuttin’ Tony Boyce,” who used to visit his
great-great-grandfather John in Arkansas, was also another grandson of Tony
Boyce whom he was named for. Jayson was excited. Since his research paper
should start with slavery, he decided to gather more information on
Ancestry.com pertaining to Tony’s history, if possible. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately,
Jayson couldn’t find his family in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, which is a
pivotal census for slave ancestral research. He was disappointed since that
census is very often the first official record that recorded formerly enslaved
African Americans by their first and last names. But Jayson didn’t let that
deter him. He decided to see if the Boyce surname came from a Boyce
slave-owner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Only one
Boyce showed up in the area from his search of the 1860 U.S. Federal Census. A
man named John Boyce, who was also born in South Carolina, resided in the Como
district during slavery. Columns 8 and 9 of the 1860 U.S. Federal Census
reported John Boyce’s real estate value as being worth $41,000 and his personal
estate value as being worth $34,000. Therefore, Jayson theorized that John was
a fairly wealthy man who likely owned slaves, including his family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">1860 U.S. Federal Census of Panola County, Mississippi –
John & Martha Boyce<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ancestry.com. 1860 United States Federal Census [database
on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com, 2009; Census Place: Panola, Mississippi;
Roll: M653_589; Page: 275; Family History Library Film: 803589</span></i><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Jayson
soon learned about the 1850 and 1860 Slave Schedules and decided to research
those records, too. John Boyce was reported as owning 30 slaves in 1860 in
Panola County. Among those 30 enslaved people is a 42-year-old Black male. This
closely fits the profile of his 4-times-great grandfather, Tony Boyce, who was
born around 1816. Jayson knew that the ages for enslaved people or former
slaves were often estimated. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Jayson was very elated with his research findings. He organized
his numerous sources and wrote his 18-page research paper that documented his
family, starting with Tony Boyce as likely being enslaved by John Boyce during
slavery in South Carolina and Mississippi, to sharecropping on a farm in the Arkansas Delta, to being part of the Great Migration to the North, and to the present
in Cleveland, Ohio. He added a lot of anecdotes from his grandfather. He also included
maps showing the migration pattern of the Boyce Family, from South Carolina to
Panola County, Mississippi to Phillips County, Arkansas, and then to Cleveland,
Ohio. Jayson’s professor was impressed with his research paper and gave him an
A. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">A year and
a half later, Jayson noticed that a researcher named Melvin Collier also has
Tony Boyce in his family tree on Ancestry.com. He contacted Melvin to see how
he is related to Tony. Melvin revealed to him that Tony Boyce was an older
brother of his great-great-great-grandmother, Clarissa Bobo. This made them to
be 5th cousins once removed. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.mississippitoafrica.com/">Mississippi to Africa: A
Journey of Discovery</a></i></span> details how this relationship was
uncovered. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Like Tony
Boyce, Clarissa also resided in Tate County, Mississippi in 1880, just a few
miles from Como. Melvin also communicated to Jayson that Clarissa had been
enslaved by Dr. William J. Bobo, who brought her and her family to Panola County,
Mississippi in 1858 from Union County, South Carolina. Clarissa had been
previously enslaved by Dr. Bobo’s father-in-law, David Boyce (1781-1830) of
Union County. Two of David’s daughters, Margaret and Mary Marjory Boyce,
married two brothers, Dr. William Bobo and Barham Bobo Jr., respectively. Melvin
also e-mailed to Jayson more information that documented Tony Boyce in slavery.
This is what Melvin revealed to Jayson.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">EVIDENCE #1</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">:
Thirty (30) enslaved people appraised on the inventory of David Boyce’s estate,
February 23, 1831, Union County, South Carolina <i>(transcription)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Toney</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"> was inventoried in the late David
Boyce’s estate in 1831. His estate record show that David Boyce’s wife, Agnes Turner
Boyce, inherited Toney from the estate. David died intestate (without having
made a will) on Nov. 22, 1830, and 25 of the 30 slaves went to Agnes. She later
moved to Panola County, Mississippi with some of her children around 1845.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">South Carolina, Wills and Probate Records, 1670-1980;
Author: South Carolina. Probate Court (Union County); Probate Place: Union,
South Carolina; Estate of David Boyce, 1831.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">EVIDENCE #2</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">:
The 1850 U.S. Federal Census for Panola County, Mississippi, Agnes Boyce<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">This
census shows Agnes Boyce as the head of household, with her daughter, Mary Marjory
Boyce Bobo, and Mary’s son, Barham Bobo, living with her. Mary was the widow of
Barham Bobo Jr. of Union County, S.C., who died shortly after their son’s
birth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="136" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD0yCmM0lfcgjkDOuU2IXBQ8V3sgft3QLEdX3X482pS-pCJfp_JNU2J_evNia-XgLhunU2n_ggRjbcsREsZtfj93_5tjaN_vO1D7zHxs7UXmoAAI33ZvbhjawLZi5GFL80fMTPlIFOmGY/s1600/Boyce_Agnes+Boyce+1850.JPG" /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Federal
Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com, 2009; Census Place:
District 13, Panola, Mississippi; Roll: M432_379; Page: 341A; Image: 303</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">EVIDENCE #3</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">:
The 1850 Panola County, Mississippi Slave Schedule, Agnes Boyce<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">This
slave census shows that Agnes Boyce owned 37 slaves in 1850 in Panola County,
Mississippi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Federal Census - Slave Schedules
[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com, 2004; Census Place: District
13, Panola, Mississippi; Roll M432; Page: 157.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">EVIDENCE #4</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">:
Slave Deed, Dec. 31, 1857, Panola County, Mississippi <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(transcription)</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">This deed
record was found while researching microfilmed Panola County deed records at
the Mississippi Dept. of Archives and History in Jackson. This deed shows that 21
named enslaved people, including one named <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">TONEY</b>,
were transferred from Mary Marjory Bobo to her son, Barham Bobo, in Dec. 1857. This
deed also states that Mary had acquired them from her mother, Agnes Boyce, on May 2, 1855.
Agnes died two years later on Dec. 28, 1857. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">EVIDENCE #5</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">:
Southern Claims Commission Record, Barham Bobo, Claim No. 16710, Sept. 17, 1872,
Panola County, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Southern Claims Commission. Roll: scc_1071_1248_0001;
Place: Panola, Mississippi; Claimant: Barham Bobo; Claim Number: 16710; Claim
Date: 17 Sep 1872; www.fold3.com.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">On March
3, 1871, Congress established the Southern Claims Commission to compensate
individuals who claimed to have had stores and supplies, such as horses and
crops, taken by or furnished to the Union Army during the Civil War. Testimonies
were taken by neighbors, friends, and former slaves to prove their claims.
Additionally, hundreds of African Americans filed claims, and their files
contain extraordinary personal data. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In 2006,
Footnote.com digitized and released the Southern Claims Commission records. Their
online database contains images of every claim and all accompanying paperwork.
Barham Bobo was one of 22,298 claims that were filed. His papers, dated Sept.
17, 1872, stated that several mules, mares, and horses, valued at $1,900, were
taken during the Civil War by the 11th Illinois Calvary Regiment from the
plantation of his mother, who died on Sept. 15, 1870. Being her only child,
Barham was the administrator of her estate. His claim was denied.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">However, on the
line for the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Names and residences of witnesses who will be relied upon to prove the
other facts alleged in the foregoing petition”</i></b> were the following
names: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tony Boyce</b>, Jeff Williams,
Wat Boyce, William Boyce & others. This document was additional proof that
Tony Boyce was enslaved on the plantation that was once owned by Agnes Boyce
and that fell into the hands of her daughter, Mary M. Bobo, and grandson,
Barham Bobo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Conclusion</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">: One might understand why Jayson Boyce
was confident that his 4-times-great grandfather, Tony Boyce, had been last
enslaved by John Boyce. It was easy to conclude that. However, more research
revealed that Tony’s last enslaver was Barham Bobo III (1833-1900). He chose to
retain the Boyce surname likely because he had been born on David Boyce’s farm in
South Carolina, and he had remained enslaved by David’s widow, Agnes Boyce, after his
death, up until 1855. He was eventually transferred to Agnes’ grandson, Barham Bobo, in
1857. Tony was not the 42-year-old Black male reported for John Boyce in 1860. Therefore, slave
schedules should never serve as direct proof of one’s enslaved ancestor and
their enslaver, simply because they don’t contain the names of the enslaved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-39896499823491042662018-05-26T16:56:00.000-04:002018-05-26T16:56:29.771-04:00Memorial Day: Honoring the Slain Black Milliken’s Bend Soldiers Who Made A Huge Difference<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc5hi8L0_BboBMzdPMXFy7EZeXPTa52cUPpGoR53pm604yqy7P0cwnfJSdMZtI-ULn4mMBGKw65Y1fZA74F-6D7mNatjZ9BePXBoVJYBP6MQS1DxWyri40AiVDkW41lEf-PA7xsxxQPB4/s1600/Battle_of_Milliken%2527s_Bend.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc5hi8L0_BboBMzdPMXFy7EZeXPTa52cUPpGoR53pm604yqy7P0cwnfJSdMZtI-ULn4mMBGKw65Y1fZA74F-6D7mNatjZ9BePXBoVJYBP6MQS1DxWyri40AiVDkW41lEf-PA7xsxxQPB4/s1600/Battle_of_Milliken%2527s_Bend.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Illustration of African American Soldiers Repelling the Confederate Troops
at Milliken's Bend</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">(Source: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Harper's Weekly</i>, public domain)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">Last
weekend, as my father, oldest sister, nephew, and I toured the new <a href="https://mcrm.mdah.ms.gov/">Mississippi Civil Rights Museum</a> in
Jackson, we conversed about the participation of my father’s great-grandfather,
John “Jack” Bass of Warren County (Vicksburg), Mississippi, in the Civil War. I
had confirmed that he served with the 49th Regiment, formerly the 11th
Louisiana Infantry, of the United States Colored Troops (USCT). According to
his service record, he enlisted on May 16, 1863, at Milliken’s Bend, Louisiana.
He was promoted from Private to Corporal on February 1, 1865, by order of Lieutenant
Colonel Cyrus Sears.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">Just
three weeks after his enlistment, Grandpa Jack Bass, who was born into slavery
in 1844 in Northampton County, North Carolina, and who descended from the Igbo
people of present-day Nigeria on his mother’s side, fought in a significant battle
– <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Battle of Milliken's Bend</b>, fought on June 7, 1863. Colonel Hermann Lieb
situated his men into a battle line at Milliken’s Bend on the Mississippi River,
the opposite side to Vicksburg, and prepared them to meet the pursuing Confederate
troops. His units comprised of the 8th, 9th, 11th, and 13th Louisiana Infantry
Regiments (African Descent), 1st Mississippi Infantry (African Descent), and
the 23rd Iowa Infantry that totaled 1,061 men. The Battle of Milliken’s Bend
became one of the first Civil War battles to involve African-American Union
Army troops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">With two
gunboats docked in the river to assist, Lieb strategically positioned his recently-recruited
and poorly-trained men on the levee behind bales of cotton. When the Confederates
troops arrived, hand-to-hand combat ensued. The Confederates pushed over the
cotton bale barricades with their clubbed muskets and bayonets. Adrenalin undoubtedly
kicked in, and Grandpa Jack and his USCT comrades bravely fought for their
freedom. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One soldier, Joseph Blessington,
reported in his 1875 memoir, "The enemy gave away and stampeded pell-mell
over the levee, in great terror and confusion. Our troops followed after them,
bayoneting them by the hundreds."</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">(<a href="https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battle-of-millikens-bend-june-7-1863.htm">Source</a>)
</span><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">Grandpa Jack’s
service record described him as being a short 5 ft. 3 inches in height. I don’t
have to wonder why my late great-aunt Pearlie Spicer, his granddaughter, was
very short. So in my mind, I envision a short, brave man, probably resembling
the comedian Kevin Hart, in fierce battle alongside his many USCT comrades who
were being brutally slayed around him. They successfully scared away the
attacking Confederates. Although Grandpa Jack luckily survived the ferocious
battle, the casualties at Milliken’s Bend were severe on both sides.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">According
to Linda Barnickel, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Milliken’s
Bend: A Civil War Battle in History and Memory, </i>the 9th Louisiana lost a
whopping 68% of their men, which was the highest total of any of the Black
regiments during the Civil War. Sixty-six (66) of their men died, and it was
the highest loss in a single engagement by any Union unit during the entire
Vicksburg campaign. The 23rd Iowa Infantry lost 54% of their unit, which had comprised
of only 120 men. Numerous officers on both sides reported that their companies
sustained nearly 50% casualties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">Despite the
numerous casualties, the bravery and tenacity of the African-American soldiers showed
the nation that African-American men could fight as well as the best white
soldiers. Being regarded as outsiders, they made the great Vicksburg victory
possible for the Union, and they earned the official praise of Major General
Ulysses S. Grant. Also, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton wrote the following in a
letter to President Abraham Lincoln on Dec. 5, 1863:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">“Many persons believed, or pretended
to believe, and confidentially asserted, that freed slaves would not make good
soldiers; they would lack courage and could not be subjected to military
discipline. Facts have shown how groundless were these apprehensions. The slave
has proved his manhood, and his capacity as an infantry soldier, at Milliken's
Bend, at the assault upon Port Hudson, and the storming of Fort Wagner."</span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">(Source:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union</i>.
Washington, D.C.: United States Department of War. 1899. p. 1,132.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI",sans-serif;">Afterwards,
the Union pushed to enlist thousands of African Americans into newly-formed
regiments. When the Civil War ended in 1865, nearly 180,000 African-American men
had served as soldiers in the U.S. Army. Close to 10,000 of them died in battle.
Another 30,000 African-American men died as a result from illness or infection.
They are not forgotten.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWbgO5ZRvevb0h08g20GI3I3J-Dqh4p5wl21Hc4LEgURFJNQACPpmZXTz7jQBV8Ug3PmtPL2xu_8AFBmoJ_jUXb4PSfOQLcFcTeU9687qa66tZGyexfuPQEzFVJLlG8BCU8dDD_HmioyU/s1600/JohnBassNamePointing2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWbgO5ZRvevb0h08g20GI3I3J-Dqh4p5wl21Hc4LEgURFJNQACPpmZXTz7jQBV8Ug3PmtPL2xu_8AFBmoJ_jUXb4PSfOQLcFcTeU9687qa66tZGyexfuPQEzFVJLlG8BCU8dDD_HmioyU/s1600/JohnBassNamePointing2.jpg" /></a><br /><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Pointing to Grandpa Jack Bass’ name at the African American Civil War Memorial, Washington, D.C.</span></b></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></u></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<u><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Sources</span></u><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">“Milliken's
Bend: A Civil War Battle in History and Memory,” Link: </span><a href="http://www.millikensbend.com/" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">www.millikensbend.com</a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">, accessed 25 May
2018.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Barnickel,
Linda. </span><i style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">Milliken’s Bend: A Civil War
Battle in History and Memory.</i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State Univ. Press,
2013.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">National
Park Service. “The Battle of Milliken's Bend, June 7, 1863.” Link: </span><a href="https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battle-of-millikens-bend-june-7-1863.htm" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battle-of-millikens-bend-june-7-1863.htm</a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">,
accessed 26 May 2018.</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">The War of the
Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">. Washington, D.C.:
United States Department of War, 1899.</span></div>
<br />
<br />Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-84073137726490789162018-04-11T17:20:00.000-04:002018-04-11T18:48:59.020-04:00Genealogy Has Become a Name Collection Game<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF9iqNswGJOSeHsLNBTVLsTKtp32Vn6SKS6f7yJMK4r_xffEoCluXil_jqiA9t1DBgHmHi209EDlTGL2LjBKlcZHHNBjh9Rq58n6jaELW9zRN8M5spbnt47ppRLXfFvGljIquEcLvpw-c/s1600/Shaky+Leaf.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="95" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF9iqNswGJOSeHsLNBTVLsTKtp32Vn6SKS6f7yJMK4r_xffEoCluXil_jqiA9t1DBgHmHi209EDlTGL2LjBKlcZHHNBjh9Rq58n6jaELW9zRN8M5spbnt47ppRLXfFvGljIquEcLvpw-c/s1600/Shaky+Leaf.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Like
many others, I will take time to click on the green leaf that’s attached to an
ancestor or family member in my family tree on Ancestry.com. I am often led to
others’ family trees who have claimed my ancestor/family member as their own.
Sometimes the claim is accurate. Unfortunately, many times my ancestor/family
member is not theirs at all – two different people with the same first and last
names. They failed to verify the connection, their family trees are then consumed
with errors, and those errors are duplicated via those green leaves. Sadly,
this is a growing phenomenon with online family trees, especially on
Ancestry.com. Genealogy research seems to be becoming a name collection game –
people getting a thrill at seeing their family tree expand, copying others'
family trees – errors and all – and not verifying the information. Next thing
you know, you have numerous incorrect family trees out there. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don’t get me wrong, I like the green leaves. I
am just cautious with them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Unfortunately,
inaccurate family trees may mean that many people are “digesting” and passing
on false information about a family’s history. I say this because I have
personally heard others, who consider themselves as the family historian, say
something like, “I have been researching my family’s history for several years
and have traced back to the 1700s.” Then, after further conversation with that
person, I realize that the researcher has never turned off the computer from
viewing online family trees, along with cursory and non-analytical views of
census records, and has never visited any local, state or federal Archives, genealogy
libraries, family history centers, cemeteries, courthouses, or other places <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">for records or clues of verification that
are not online</b>. The researcher has also not actively explored the many other
digitized records on FamilySearch.org, fold3.com, and other sites that can add
to their <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">reasonably exhaustive search</b>.
Additionally, the researcher has not even taken the time to read books, blogs,
articles, etc., or has not viewed any webinars, videos, or other online
resources on conducting effective genealogy research. Unfortunately,
“researching” seems to have become a name-matching sport for many.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">My
blog posts are usually about how I solved a genealogical mystery or made a cool
discovery via genealogy research and/or DNA, to serve as a case study for
researchers to learn from. However, I was compelled to write this post because
of a recent dialogue that I found troubling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Last week, I had an online “debate” with a young lady who claimed my
great-grandmother's brother, Robert “Bob” Ealy Jr., as her ancestor. Her family
was from Craven County, North Carolina and eventually migrated to New York. No
records were attached to her family tree. My Ealy family is clearly in Leake
County, Mississippi and had been there since c. 1835, when my
great-great-grandfather Robert “Big Bob” Ealy’s enslaver, William W. Eley,
brought him to Mississippi from Nash County, North Carolina<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="CurrentCursorPosition"></a>. But because the two men had the same name, she
attached my great-granduncle Bob Jr., his parents, and grandparents as her
ancestors too and defended her reasoning. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">One
of her reasons was because she has DNA matches with people either with the Ealy
surname or have an Ealy in their tree, as well as my surname, too. My surname
(Collier) came from my Dad's adoptive father, George Collier. My family tree,
that’s attached to my and my Dad’s DNA profiles, shows my Dad’s biological
father, Hulen Kennedy (grandson of Big Bob Ealy). In essence, she concluded
that Uncle Bob Ealy Jr. maintained two families at the same time – one in Leake
County, Mississippi and one over 800 miles away in Craven County, North
Carolina – and died in New York City, while I have documented Uncle Bob Jr., from
his birth around 1855, in Leake County, Mississippi, until his death on Oct.
28, 1939, in Leake County, Mississippi. I had found Uncle Bob’s death
certificate at the Miss. Dept. of Archives and History over 15 years ago. She
seemed to have presumed that my information was inaccurate. Sadly, as of this
blog post, she has not corrected her family tree. My concern is that many, who
are in her Ealy family, may believe that they also descend from Grandpa Big
Bob, and that’s certainly not the case at all. Many have my
great-great-grandparents as their ancestors, and they aren’t.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I’d
be remiss if I didn’t take time to include some tips with this blog
post. Genealogy research is a broad subject, so feel free to offer other tips in the Comments section:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TIP #1:</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Don’t assume that
someone with the same name as your ancestor is probably yours, too. If the
locations don’t match, seek <b>verification</b>, i.e, direct evidence and/or a collection of circumstantial evidence that proves that he or she is
actually your ancestor. Even if there's a location match, still seek <b>verification</b>. Verify, verify, verify!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TIP #2: </span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A woman, who is
reported as the wife to the head of household, was often not the mother to all
of the children in the household or to the older, grown children in their own
households. Try to locate a record that documents the parents’ names in order
to <b>verify</b>. Analyze the censuses, marriage records, <a href="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Cohabitation_Records" target="_blank">cohabitation records</a>, or other sources to determine if she became
the wife prior to a child’s (or children’s) birth. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Especially apply this tip with former-enslaved
people who are found in the 1870 and 1880 censuses, and who likely “jumped the
broom” into holy matrimony during slavery. For example, Grandpa Robert “Big
Bob” Ealy had a daughter, Mary York (wife of Jordan York), around 1840, prior
to “jumping the broom” with my great-great-grandmother, Jane Parrott, around
1845. According to my family’s oral history, Mary was known as “Aunt Sis” York,
who was Big Bob’s daughter only. The identity of Aunt Sis’s mother is unknown.
But since Grandma Jane is Grandpa Big Bob’s documented wife in the 1870 and
1880 censuses, many family trees incorrectly show Grandma Jane as Aunt Sis’s mother,
even though Grandma Jane was around 10 years older than Aunt Sis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TIP #3: </span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">If someone’s online
family tree on Ancestry.com doesn’t have censuses and other records
attached to an individual to document his/her existence and connection, don’t add that individual to your
family tree as your ancestor, too. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Verify,
verify, verify!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TIP #4: </span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Don’t immediately assume that
because you are a DNA match to a person or individuals who have a particular
surname in their online family trees, that it confirms your ancestral connection
to someone with that same surname. It doesn’t. First, people can be related via
other lines. Secondly, not everyone with a particular surname are actually
related. Thirdly, that person’s family tree might be wrong as two left shoes. Do
the research!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TIP #5: </span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">A computer program
can’t determine who your ancestors are. Therefore, all of the green leaf hints should
be analyzed. Verify, verify, verify!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">TIP #6: </span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Try contacting the
creator of a particular family tree to <b>verify</b> if their ancestor/family member
is indeed your ancestor, especially if it’s not obvious. At times, you might even discover that their displayed ancestor is not their ancestor at all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In
other words – verify, verify, verify! It deserved repeating….</span></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-32579735008597333352018-02-26T20:05:00.000-05:002018-02-27T16:12:19.714-05:00A Blog Interview with my African DNA Cousin<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicu_aJx_EBSOnxUWHbKcXpD3wlTrqqUdbR-oRAmUt8JFTc9LoHBfbzfdscU1710mZlcPd8BLFjWNMLEWSOwjoRNbJBuuMd91xB1JImOgUCRcx7pHPozTbgyx-NiP-w7l9HcZsABD-4glY/s1600/Maame+Durowah+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicu_aJx_EBSOnxUWHbKcXpD3wlTrqqUdbR-oRAmUt8JFTc9LoHBfbzfdscU1710mZlcPd8BLFjWNMLEWSOwjoRNbJBuuMd91xB1JImOgUCRcx7pHPozTbgyx-NiP-w7l9HcZsABD-4glY/s400/Maame+Durowah+1.jpg" width="278" /></b></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Maame Durowah Okai</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;">(Used per permission)</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;"></span></i><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I</span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"> am elated and honored to feature one of my African DNA cousins, Maame
Durowah Okai of Amsterdam, Netherlands, on my blog. If someone had told me five
years ago that I will be doing this, I wouldn’t have believed them. DNA
technology has allowed many of us to learn something about our African ancestry
and connect with African cousins.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Many
geneticists recommend that one of the best ways to get a glimpse of our African
roots utilizing DNA is through DNA matches to living Africans who have also
taken one of the autosomal DNA tests – AncestryDNA, 23andMe, MyHeritage, and
Family Tree DNA. Many African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans are matching people
from the Motherland, and these matches are celebrated. This is to be expected
since we are the descendants of many Africans who were taken from an area of
West Africa, stretching from present-day Senegal to Angola, as well as from
present-day Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Madagascar. Check out Fonte Felipe’s
insightful blog post, </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://tracingafricanroots.wordpress.com/2017/05/10/how-to-find-those-elusive-african-dna-matches-on-ancestry-com/"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">“How to find those elusive
African DNA matches on Ancestry.”</span></span></a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Maame
Durowah Okai’s family roots are from Ghana. Her father is Ashanti and her
mother is from the Obo Kwahu people, who descends from the Ashanti Empire. Interestingly,
historians believe that Harriet Tubman’s African maternal grandmother, Modesty,
descends from the Ashanti people. Cousin Maame Durowah took the <a href="http://www.ancestry.com/"><span style="color: #0563c1;">AncestryDNA</span></a> test last year, which
identified her as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">97% Ivory Coast/Ghana,
2% Benin/Togo, </b>and<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 1% Mali</b>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Incredibly,
she is a DNA match to both my father and me at 13 cM (centimorgans). According
to the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG), that amount of DNA is
in the range of a fourth cousin or further. My chances of figuring out exactly
how Cousin Maame Durowah is related on my father's side is astronomically slim.
But that's OK. It doesn't matter. What matters greatly is that we carry an
identical strand of DNA that originated from a common African ancestor, who was
most probably from the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana). </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHXKNoseQqu0eFFV39RivzS0CWehQPOuYzkt_0THIMJmJKZSbrbzpx2jOMyUmqFJp7p7FMK_q-I0g1c9JfwMROBcWtPVM38oglltZGntTUYTbTx4ZV7Q1WQnWR2SudVFusY3GfUULIacM/s1600/Maame1_blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHXKNoseQqu0eFFV39RivzS0CWehQPOuYzkt_0THIMJmJKZSbrbzpx2jOMyUmqFJp7p7FMK_q-I0g1c9JfwMROBcWtPVM38oglltZGntTUYTbTx4ZV7Q1WQnWR2SudVFusY3GfUULIacM/s1600/Maame1_blog.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Cousin
Maame Durowah is doing wonderful works in the Netherlands, and I am proud that
she is my African cousin. To spotlight her, I asked her the following four
questions about herself, her family, and her thoughts about DNA testing. She
graciously took time out of her busy schedule to e-mail me the answers to them. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Question 1.
What are your current endeavors in Europe?</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I
was born in the 80s in the Netherlands on a Sunday morning. I was raised in
Amsterdam South East by my Ghanaian parents, Nana Yaw Okai & Mercy Ayirebi.
I had influences by my Dutch grandma, who is from the Netherlands, named Will
Ottens. She lived downstairs and helped my mom out when she rang the bell and when
nobody wanted to open the door (due to the Sunday morning). It was only my
Dutch grandma that opened the door; this was in the 80's, and knowing the time
in the Netherlands with the migrants. My grandma took the chance and helped my
mom out and I become part of the family. She had an amazing influence in my
life (learning about the Dutch culture up close - best of both worlds). This
also gives me the chance to teach and educate people on diversity in the
Netherlands; currently writing a project on that. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I
am a social worker and a family coach. I have been active in social work and
community development. I am the founder and project manager of the <a href="http://www.brighterdayfoundation.com/" target="_blank">Brighter Day Foundation</a>,
an international social and community development organization. The Brighter
Day Foundation develops creative, social, and community projects to raise
awareness, impact, and speak out on social issues.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I
am working as a family coach/counselor in a youth team (9-5 job). I don't see
it as a 9-5 job. My purpose in being there is to break generational trends by
helping people to think beyond the “system” and be self-reliant. My main
statement when it comes to my work is, “No one can pay you for the job you do
because we give more than we are paid for.’’</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">In
2018, I will be starting a tour called “The Kingdom Citizen: I Have Never Become
Who I Am,” which is based on my book. The aim is to share my story on how I
discovered purpose by highlighting different life stories. The teaching element
at hand is to show how one can creatively discover purpose through the
obstacles in life and maximize their potential by making their “stories” known.
This will take place in five major cities in Europe. I am not all knowing, letting
one know their Purpose that is in God's hands yet being a tool to discover is a
calling. I accepted my calling as a pastor at the age of 30. Before that, I was
actively involved in ministry from age 23, becoming serious in the Faith when I
was 19. I was raised by a Christian mom; my Dad joined the faith in a later
stage. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">My
faith in God is my foundation and my source of success in life I can proudly
proclaim. I travel around as an international speaker, teaching and sharing
about the full gospel of Jesus Christ. Kingdom-minded and focused on missions
around the world, I mentor the broken and rejected and raise up leaders. I am a
woman wearing a mantle of many colors; a signature that reveals myself via my various
activities. I am a 'Kingdom' representative breaking the status quo!</span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span></div>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsZ_-nGgwAaqzct9oLq4YIiLiv0sVLKfY3OYu8dV1abklVgEOkKAkJMOStOAwpCT34algCgMUb0gF_zepfhJd6MUbNfYp9w3SDocjUD1XAaloknlvxzk9DO7iQCfjd7dVPqY4jdc-Sti4/s1600/Maame+Durowah+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsZ_-nGgwAaqzct9oLq4YIiLiv0sVLKfY3OYu8dV1abklVgEOkKAkJMOStOAwpCT34algCgMUb0gF_zepfhJd6MUbNfYp9w3SDocjUD1XAaloknlvxzk9DO7iQCfjd7dVPqY4jdc-Sti4/s1600/Maame+Durowah+2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;">(Used per permission)</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;"></span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px;">Question 2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px;">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Why did you
take the DNA test and what are your thoughts about it? </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">On
February 15, 2017, I decided to do an Ancestry DNA test just out of curiosity.
I saw it several years ago when the African Ancestry DNA stories came out on
the internet. My curiosity was about how God can create us with such an amazing
DNA and link us to a specific country, yet all being connected some way. I knew
I was full Ghanaian, but I was still curious what could come out of it. I had
heard about Mali being a part of the history of the Ashanti Empire from my Dad but
to know that there is a Mali percentage in my DNA was fascinating! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">One
thing is for sure, I am a Kingdom Child of God, and I know where I come from.
Yet I was given a nation in the land of the living. While sitting on the bus on
my way home from London, I received an email with my DNA results. “Well, well,”
I exclaimed. This was an interesting combo! Being 97% Ivory Coast/Ghana, 2%
Benin/Togo, and 1% Mali was interesting! What made the story more interesting
were the 15 people who were directly connected to my DNA, surprisingly. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px;">Question 3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px;">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Tell me
something about your family roots in Ghana? </span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Mercy
Ayirebi Kwahu (Obo Kwahu) is my mom’s name. She was born to Mr. Alfred Kofi Ayirebi
& Mrs. Alice Abena Owarewah (daughter of Kwaku Nyame Danquah and Akosua Tiwah Donkor). My Dad
is Nana Yaw Okai - Ashanti (Bonwire). My Dad’s lineage can be traced to Yaa Asantewaa.
(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Read
more about Yaa Asantewaa here</span></a></b>). I was told this as a young girl. Grandpa
Afrani, we are still on the trace. Mrs. Yaa Durowah, who I was named after, is
the daughter of Mrs. Efua Brempomaa & Nana Kwaku.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I
was introduced to Ghana at age 10 and fell in love. I celebrated my 11th
birthday in Ghana and the plan was for me to stay in Ghana and go to school.
But my parents decided to keep me in the Netherlands. That one trip changed my
life – my people, the food, the language. I became more interested about my
background. We spoke Dutch, English and Twi at home, but learning my dialect
became more of interest when I got to age 15. Forcing my parents to teach me
the right way, I got myself into the culture, traditions, languages, food, my
tribes…everything. I started going there every year, to even twice a year. The
vision of the Brighter Day Foundation was born in Ghana. I lived in Ghana while
doing my thesis but I had to come back to the Netherlands to finish school. I made
up my mind 4 years ago to move to Ghana for a period of 5 years to build up a
youth center, but my ways got an encounter, and I came back to the Netherlands
to say yes to my calling. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I
don’t have an English name. I was named after my Dad’s mother, Maame Durowah. I
was born on Sunday - Akosua. In Ghana, they call me Ako or Akosua Durowah.
Maame means lady or mother, so that is a general name before your name, which
is Durowah (female) in my case. Durowah means medicine which comes from the
word Oduro (male version). I was named after my Dad's mother out of love and
respect. Okai is my paternal grandfather’s name. I do a lot of first and second
generation analogy at work, but lately I am trying to do one of my own family
genealogy, and every time I do it, I get to know more.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovSNwuQck2HrV17DcPIKpNoQQ2XlunyX6Lk5knZG_RWAZ-6T0SYR_Fit4nOBb0VWI_twH_WYjqYDWojM5g9MAtvkAFXHrrif-8IZ4j-dxS5B6qBlim3hyfCB8GBkpv29d1_w2I3NWKXk/s1600/Yaa+Asantewaa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovSNwuQck2HrV17DcPIKpNoQQ2XlunyX6Lk5knZG_RWAZ-6T0SYR_Fit4nOBb0VWI_twH_WYjqYDWojM5g9MAtvkAFXHrrif-8IZ4j-dxS5B6qBlim3hyfCB8GBkpv29d1_w2I3NWKXk/s1600/Yaa+Asantewaa.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span></div>
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</span>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Maame Durowah Okai’s paternal ancestor, <b>Queen Mother Nana Yaa Asantewaa</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;">(Source: <a href="http://www.blackhistoryheroes.com/2010/05/queen-mother-nana-yaa-asantewaa.html"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Black
History Heroes</span></a>)</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0px;"></span></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px;">Question 4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px;">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">How do you
feel knowing that many people of African descent in America are your distant
cousins?</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">It
was really surprising when you sent me a private message saying that I was your
DNA cousin in America. Even though it’s a small percentage, it is still a
match. I have family members by marriage who are African-American, but knowing
that, through the DNA test, many others are DNA matches is an eye opener. It
opens another chapter of your life; you hear the voices of the unheard and
share stories untold.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjik3d5nfW_G6pvYLpcuccfhEyV0PlUv4_gFVqEOVW3TEjG7w2YKs9qKH93FrAV_xbsgd3QqUlOryJWgZQDH2-gILA2ey2VESKqs3H8Qp565lkRcWtMUiL6tnrLD0EBVtzbmPBa3zaBB4/s1600/Maame+Durowah+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjik3d5nfW_G6pvYLpcuccfhEyV0PlUv4_gFVqEOVW3TEjG7w2YKs9qKH93FrAV_xbsgd3QqUlOryJWgZQDH2-gILA2ey2VESKqs3H8Qp565lkRcWtMUiL6tnrLD0EBVtzbmPBa3zaBB4/s320/Maame+Durowah+3.jpg" width="299" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Maame Durowah Okai in Malta in 2017.</span></span></div>
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<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-39019437177662513122018-02-05T17:11:00.000-05:002018-02-12T05:53:56.137-05:00A Genealogy Mishap Case: Discovering the True Paternity with DNA<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol";"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol";"></span><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">No matter what the oral history said,
DNA can say something differently.</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #548235; font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0px;">What may seem obvious may not be the truth.</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJo8tlJaHb48U9SZPVSNA6BETpi9JCOzFsoW5sCJJx0HTqYMpOalB9mw1tcP52iGZoTGEYihd_hDFN2RjcPgUsT2bmw0a0Fi0Ocp1XFXmGGPpEQFFntOSEkSFxR2LKUOUtBrhgPhPGJew/s1600/Louisa+Danner+older.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJo8tlJaHb48U9SZPVSNA6BETpi9JCOzFsoW5sCJJx0HTqYMpOalB9mw1tcP52iGZoTGEYihd_hDFN2RjcPgUsT2bmw0a0Fi0Ocp1XFXmGGPpEQFFntOSEkSFxR2LKUOUtBrhgPhPGJew/s1600/Louisa+Danner+older.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br />Louisa “Lue” Bobo Danner (1842-1921) of Panola County,
Mississippi</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Miscegenation
during slavery is a situation that many of us African-American researchers are
often confronted with in our family histories. My mother’s maternal
grandmother’s mother, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Louisa “Lue” Bobo
Danner</b>, was known to look like a white woman with long straight hair “that
reached the floor,” according to family elders. Recently, I discovered that I had
the wrong white father attached to her for nearly 20 years! According to her Civil
War widow’s pension file, she was born on January 21, 1842 in Union County, South
Carolina. Her enslaver, Dr. William J. Bobo, transported her, her mother
Clarissa Bobo, and other family members to Mississippi in 1858.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">A
late family elder remembered her very well. Cousin Robert Danner was 16 years
old when his grandmother died in 1921, and he spent a lot of time at her home. From
my first interview with him in 1996, until his passing at age 103 in 2008, he
shared many details about her. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1477486011/ref=cm_sw_su_dp"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Mississippi
to Africa: A Journey of Discovery</span></span></a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">would
not have been possible without his priceless memories. He recalled that a man named
Sandy Wilbourn visited his grandmother often. He claimed that Sandy was her white
half-brother who acknowledged their family relationship, something that was
exceedingly rare at that time. Cousin Robert had proclaimed confidently,
“Grandma Lue’s father was a Wilbourn.” I uploaded some of the recordings of my
oral history interviews with him in this </span><a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2013/09/oral-history-interview.html"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">2013 blog
post</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">With
that huge clue, I researched the censuses and other records, as well as
communicated with Wilbourn descendants, and determined that Sandy Wilbourn was
William Sanford Wilbourn (1853-1935). He died in Panola County when Cousin
Robert was 28 years old. “Sandy” resided in the area where Grandma Lue lived. His
father was Elijah Wilbourn, Jr. (1810-1878), so I concluded that Elijah Jr. was
the man who had impregnated Clarissa with Grandma Lue and possibly her “mulatto”
brother, Eli Bobo (1844-1918), too. Eli was a shorter name for Elijah, so that naming
clue carried a lot of weight, in my opinion.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Elijah
Wilbourn, Jr. had settled in Panola County, Mississippi also from Union County,
South Carolina around 1840, about two years before Grandma Lue was born in
South Carolina. I had theorized that he probably traveled back to South
Carolina periodically to visit family, and during one of those trips, he made
his way onto his former neighbor Dr. William Bobo’s plantation and impregnated Grandma
Clarissa. That was my story, and I was sticking to it. Besides, Cousin Robert’s
memory of many other people and events of our family history turned out to be
accurate, so I had very little reason to question his recollection of Sandy
Wilbourn being Grandma Lue’s half-brother.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Grandma
Lue’s death certificate reported “Don’t Know” for her father’s name, so I was
extremely grateful that he remembered this piece of history. This was very
valuable oral history. I soon made an entry in my family tree, closed that
chapter, and didn’t put much more thought to this Wilbourn impregnator. Then, DNA
hit the scene nearly twenty years later. It told a different story.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">In
early 2015, a high DNA match appeared in 23andMe. I’ll call him “Cousin D.” He
was sharing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">100 cM</b> over 4 segments
with my mother <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(79 cM/3 segments with me)</i>,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">75 cM</b> over 4 segments with her
brother, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">75 cM</b> over 3 segments
with her sister. These significant amounts indicate a fairly close
relationship, possibly in the third cousin range. I also noticed that he was
sharing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">20 cM</b> with my mother’s 2nd
cousin, Cousin MAJ. To my surprise, Cousin D was 99.9% European. How could my
family and I share this much DNA with a white person? This was my first
thought.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Interestingly,
Cousin D was also sharing DNA on the X chromosome with my aunt and uncle. (See
chart below.) My mother, her siblings, and Cousin MAJ are great-grandchildren
of Grandma Lue and her husband, Edward Danner. Cousin D soon contacted me, and I
expressed to him that he appears to be closely connected to Elijah Wilbourn, Jr.
of Panola County, Mississippi. Having African-American relatives piqued his
interest. But there was one huge issue.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Because
Cousin D was sharing X-DNA with my aunt and uncle, this meant that he’s related
to us on his mother’s side. Males inherit one X chromosome from their mothers,
while females inherit two X chromosomes, one from their mother and one from their father. His late mother was adopted,
and he had no knowledge of her biological family. He then hired a professional
genealogist to utilize autosomal DNA to build his mother’s biological family
tree. This was indeed a challenging feat, but she had great success after
administering autosomal DNA tests to numerous key people.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Cousin
D’s genealogist determined that he and my mother are 5th cousins, and no one in
his immediate family ever resided in Panola County, Mississippi. This was shocking.
William Wilburn (1765-1822) of Union County, S.C., who was Elijah Jr’s uncle, was
his 3rd-great-grandfather. However, we both felt that Cousin D shares too much
DNA with my mother to be her 5th cousin, so something was not jiving. I didn't
know what was aberrant, so I left it alone. I needed something compelling to
make it a bigger research priority. Well, that “something” soon came.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Cousin
D's maternal 2nd cousin, Cousin E, recently took the FamilyTree DNA (FTDNA) test,
and her raw data file was uploaded to GEDmatch.com. She too shares a lot of DNA
and X-DNA with my family, including another one of my mother’s 2nd cousins, Cousin
ORN (Cousin MAJ’s 1st cousin). See chart below. This was significant because
Cousin D and Cousin E share the same great-grandparents, William Ray and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Amanda Wilburn (1855-1935)</b> of
Union County, S.C. Mary Amanda’s parents were Joshua Wilburn (1805-1887) and
Elizabeth Sparks. </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVQU5bFWmDL0I_juNYPQD08F433UiYRnhZZO3Wdx7z1f7MboVKX5Wtv4oeV8gnHJIagYdapdNDyuBB9NIsXGP1djQJ58YJTC9A98aLyHHZCvHVs21W0MnPN8TMiXGZaMtPkhlL3LqtyY8/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Comparison+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="342" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVQU5bFWmDL0I_juNYPQD08F433UiYRnhZZO3Wdx7z1f7MboVKX5Wtv4oeV8gnHJIagYdapdNDyuBB9NIsXGP1djQJ58YJTC9A98aLyHHZCvHVs21W0MnPN8TMiXGZaMtPkhlL3LqtyY8/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Comparison+2.JPG" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPk_0SIukD3JGC0DQOjt2jA3DMMIw7gY3LYL3FraPZlbpki_o3gw7o-foWPEoOGtB6JR0bmeJlVcOTjBwXHvBeOJn0RkhsojiHm69qx6XfuuWoOxpK5R14ROAR5XwgHFwEIpfwc4j_hs/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Comparison+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="184" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPk_0SIukD3JGC0DQOjt2jA3DMMIw7gY3LYL3FraPZlbpki_o3gw7o-foWPEoOGtB6JR0bmeJlVcOTjBwXHvBeOJn0RkhsojiHm69qx6XfuuWoOxpK5R14ROAR5XwgHFwEIpfwc4j_hs/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Comparison+3.JPG" /></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Cousins
D and E’s sharing of X-DNA with my family was very revealing. While my family’s
matching X chromosome segments with them came from Grandma Lue’s father, their
matching X chromosome segments appear to have come from Mary Amanda. But there
was a problem. None of Mary Amanda’s X-DNA ancestors matched the maternal ancestors
of Elijah Wilbourn, Jr., who was her father’s first cousin. If Elijah Jr. was
Grandma Lue’s father, the X-DNA he passed on to her came from his mother, Mary
Roundtree. She was not related to Cousin D and Cousin E. Also, the X-DNA that
Mary Amanda’s father passed on to her came from his mother, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Susannah Gibbs (1781-1814)</b>. This was
the second red flag.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrPdR0pU5I-6t9xSkWVy7KJBLdsiRKrQKNIsMVJlhbX_aZJuYYQ48xxDipaVi43jwdldANUb5SrkJ2mY0xViSdcb1IKd_1TUzh4TnnRq6q_LCUZFuzIlGtuCtUS_cV3Ad1kG2js4zQjfI/s1600/Wilbourn+XDNA+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="142" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrPdR0pU5I-6t9xSkWVy7KJBLdsiRKrQKNIsMVJlhbX_aZJuYYQ48xxDipaVi43jwdldANUb5SrkJ2mY0xViSdcb1IKd_1TUzh4TnnRq6q_LCUZFuzIlGtuCtUS_cV3Ad1kG2js4zQjfI/s1600/Wilbourn+XDNA+1.JPG" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br />Elijah Wilbourn, Jr. inherited all of his X chromosome from
his mother, Mary Roundtree. She inherited that X-DNA from both of her parents.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6N3HIMqpAFDn67cfEXthyiGDoWzKaJRa2ymHGTEMvlDUlA9PGil-QpieLQujWlvaAcW_piZNIkQ6lfhJb5fKkDWn56mEnVb1UEQ4NDcIdONvOi0tu4BVxqMM3PYhgbRSXia6JN4HJZIY/s1600/Wilbourn+XDNA+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6N3HIMqpAFDn67cfEXthyiGDoWzKaJRa2ymHGTEMvlDUlA9PGil-QpieLQujWlvaAcW_piZNIkQ6lfhJb5fKkDWn56mEnVb1UEQ4NDcIdONvOi0tu4BVxqMM3PYhgbRSXia6JN4HJZIY/s1600/Wilbourn+XDNA+2.JPG" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br />50% of Mary Amanda Wilburn’s X-DNA came from her father’s
mother, Susannah Gibbs.</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Cousin
D’s genealogist also observed that my family share DNA with other descendants
of Joshua Wilburn – Cousins A, B, and C. See chart above. All of these
autosomal DNA findings point to Grandma Lue’s father likely being either Joshua
Wilburn or his twin brother, also named Elijah Wilburn (1805-1889), who were
the sons of William Wilburn and Susannah Gibbs, and not Elijah Wilbourn, Jr.
(son of Elijah Sr./Mary Roundtree) who migrated to Mississippi. Both of the
twin brothers lived and died in South Carolina. Fortunately, there was additional
evidence.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">I
performed the “People Who Match One of Both of 2 Kits” option in GEDmatch.com between
Cousin E and Cousin MAJ since they share the largest amount of DNA at <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">111 cM</b> over 5 segments. The purpose was
to see who else shared DNA with both of them. As expected, my family appeared
among their mutual matches. I also noticed a DNA match that was among my
mother’s DNA matches in FTDNA who attached a family tree to his account. I am
calling him “Cousin F.” Being able to view a family tree among shared DNA
matches was essential to try to determine a common ancestor. Cousin F’s
extensive family tree revealed that he indeed shares common ancestors with
Cousins A, B, C, D, and E.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>His 3rd-great-grandmother
was Elizabeth Gibbs, a sister of Susannah Gibbs’ father, James Gibbs. Elizabeth
and James’ parents were John Gibbs (1716-1770) and Susanne Phillipe (1720-1786).</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">In
a process known as manual triangulating, I viewed Cousin F’s “One-to-Many
Matches” in GEDmatch.com. I then selected my family and Cousin E and viewed their
matching chromosomes on the 2-D chromosome browser. Interestingly, Cousin F shares
long overlapping chromosome segments with my family and Cousin E on chromosome
9. See figure below. I verified that they all match each other on chromosome 9.
This indicates that everyone descend from a common ancestor.</span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"> </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHZJTo2_23QHsKM3wDVgCnj63ze9_MVadbGMHEpwNAYKgRFOq2GqAoCTK0HkjyAdXo2RWjB2TuWZk4TcGUXRcVYr3l6_J2aZ6K1Qb_8YfR8x7DxLqdBaj1LofPfCUnVeyz7VCrSXZK5V0/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Comparison.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="313" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHZJTo2_23QHsKM3wDVgCnj63ze9_MVadbGMHEpwNAYKgRFOq2GqAoCTK0HkjyAdXo2RWjB2TuWZk4TcGUXRcVYr3l6_J2aZ6K1Qb_8YfR8x7DxLqdBaj1LofPfCUnVeyz7VCrSXZK5V0/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Comparison.JPG" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Cousin F matches family members on overlapping chromosome
segments on Chromosome 9</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_kMERRpv4-2IdcwF2-nghRKFJNY7tYz0vZ8TbXHy0D1Cfpe8CAfz0345pFQAZDQ-rcxDxnvCZfRlMgjsYE1V72wABIM9qj41B7I1miRWfv67K0uxajrvlWZPk65h3C6CPGRNWWyrNshw/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+chromosome+9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="148" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_kMERRpv4-2IdcwF2-nghRKFJNY7tYz0vZ8TbXHy0D1Cfpe8CAfz0345pFQAZDQ-rcxDxnvCZfRlMgjsYE1V72wABIM9qj41B7I1miRWfv67K0uxajrvlWZPk65h3C6CPGRNWWyrNshw/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+chromosome+9.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">In 23andMe, this section
of my mother’s chromosome 9 is identified as Northwestern European.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">DNA
is indicating that Grandma Lue had Gibbs ancestry. This served as additional DNA
evidence that her father was likely Joshua Wilburn or his twin brother, Elijah
(1805), sons of Susannah Gibbs. However, if Joshua and his twin brother Elijah
(1805) were identical twins, they would share 100% identical DNA with each
other. Full siblings and fraternal (non-identical) twins share around 50% of
identical DNA. Therefore, Grandma Lue would share DNA with both Joshua and
Elijah (1805) in the parent/child range (approx. 3,600 cM) if they were
identical twins. If Joshua was the father, then Cousins A, B, C, D, and E are
half 3rd cousins to my mother, her siblings, and Cousins MAJ and ORN. However,
my speculation now is that they were identical twins, and Elijah Wilburn (1805)
was her father. Then, Cousins A, B, C, D, and E are half 4th cousins
genealogically but half 3rd cousins genetically. This revelation would have
never been discovered had it not been for DNA technology.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimXH5VpMOWUPUBb2VVSN10BYCSepSZgAL2R5J6BJPBrwcZTrhLfT_rYNKPkG3FX5atFGE3wzxTLCLRhpnzRJ1ZsVZ6rzH1fobQCeGSKNmHuEHkCFO8z6FZ3zK6hi2F4t79V39MOOsdL2A/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Match.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="166" data-original-width="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimXH5VpMOWUPUBb2VVSN10BYCSepSZgAL2R5J6BJPBrwcZTrhLfT_rYNKPkG3FX5atFGE3wzxTLCLRhpnzRJ1ZsVZ6rzH1fobQCeGSKNmHuEHkCFO8z6FZ3zK6hi2F4t79V39MOOsdL2A/s1600/Wilbourn+DNA+Match.JPG" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">This AncestryDNA match
shares </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #990000; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">34 cM / 1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> segment</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> with my
mother. Elijah Wilburn (1805) is his 3rd-great-grandfather.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";">Acknowledgement: Special acknowledgement is given to Clarise Soper, CG for her great work in utilizing DNA to discover Cousin D's maternal ancestors. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";">
</span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><b></b>Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-49548908686248046932018-01-20T13:57:00.000-05:002018-01-20T15:32:10.735-05:00Appearances Can Be Deceiving <span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol";"></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYpSLV08KiJvvlXPTjyOhCvS3UHdnIbMLDH0cydz7hQsSIWbu5PG8HOn3ioDFGhd4ohTwW_rva1vrZynQeqlLxeztMJECGPZ_bVuVuB0SuNIfWUzqr8Mf2ejcYRPvsytZQgWF9isTOYWQ/s1600/Danner%252C+Henrietta+%2526+Mack.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYpSLV08KiJvvlXPTjyOhCvS3UHdnIbMLDH0cydz7hQsSIWbu5PG8HOn3ioDFGhd4ohTwW_rva1vrZynQeqlLxeztMJECGPZ_bVuVuB0SuNIfWUzqr8Mf2ejcYRPvsytZQgWF9isTOYWQ/s1600/Danner%252C+Henrietta+%2526+Mack.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;">Cousins Mack Danner and his sister, Henrietta Danner Bacon, two of the five children born to my
great-grandmother’s brother, Alexander K. Danner (1865-1905), and his wife, Lou
Anna Brunt Danner of Panola County, Mississippi</span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #660000;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Many
of us genealogy hobbyists and genealogists warn people about the
"mulatto" notation in the censuses. It doesn't automatically mean
that the person had a parent of a different race. Most times, the census-taker
saw a person who wasn't racially "pure." Check out this case.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Uncle
Jack, the oldest of my great-great-grandparents' 12 children, who was born in
slavery c. 1846, was consistently reported as "mulatto" in the 1870
and 1880 censuses. The rest of his household were noted as "Black".
Also, the rest of the 12 children were always reported as "Black" in
the censuses.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Many
of us probably have family cases where the oldest child (or not the oldest) was fathered by a white
man, but the mother's husband raised that child as his child, too. Thus, that
"mulatto" child took the stepfather's surname. Was this the case with
Uncle Jack? Let's see. This is the evidence at hand:<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"> </span></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTJ07JlkMUh61o819trHLIdROjOXlDQdq-T0euTZxifG0C83PXi5Y1Yy5Z4M9sdIk0pzcpZxyuQkBJBCGMt2ttJb5q5IvH6OrSCYn-Xh_O0gMhIwDdVRbsaVVEPKD3CGbjGv5Tp-21ZcM/s1600/Appearances.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTJ07JlkMUh61o819trHLIdROjOXlDQdq-T0euTZxifG0C83PXi5Y1Yy5Z4M9sdIk0pzcpZxyuQkBJBCGMt2ttJb5q5IvH6OrSCYn-Xh_O0gMhIwDdVRbsaVVEPKD3CGbjGv5Tp-21ZcM/s1600/Appearances.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">(1)
Oral history, that was told by family elders in the 1970s and recorded in the family
reunion booklets, noted Uncle Jack as one of my great-great-grandparents'
children. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">(2)
None of the family elders living within the past 15 years ever said anything
about Uncle Jack not being the biological son of my great-great-grandfather.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">(3)
<b>DNA</b>: At least 5 great-great-grandchildren of Uncle Jack took an autosomal DNA
test. All of them match my father, from 60 cM/6 segments to 149 cM/9
segments. Uncle Jack and my father's grandmother were siblings, therefore they are my father's second cousins twice removed (2C2R). According
to <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics" target="_blank">ISOGG</a>, the average amount of DNA for 2C2R is 53 cM, the same as 3rd cousins. So the average
for half 2C2R would be 26.5 cM. Therefore, the DNA sharing amounts with these
cousins don't suggest a half relationship with Uncle Jack.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">(4)
<b>DNA</b>: A "father-to-son" great-grandson of Uncle Jack's younger brother
took the 23andMe test, which provides a paternal haplogroup that is passed down
from father to son for many generations. His paternal haplogroup is E-M54
(African), which would be my great-great-grandfather's paternal haplogroup.
Recently, a "father-to-son" great-great-grandson of Uncle Jack took
the 23andMe test. His paternal haplogroup is also E-M54.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">(5)
<b>DNA</b>: My great-great-grandfather was taken away from Nash County, North Carolina
and brought to Mississippi. It is clear that he left behind close kin in N.C.
My father is sharing very good amounts of DNA (119 cM, highest amount) with
people from Nash County. Those N.C. DNA cousins are also sharing DNA with Uncle
Jack's descendants.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">(6)
<b>DNA</b>: Although my great-great-grandfather had at least 12 children with his
wife, my great-great-grandmother, he also fathered children by other women
during slavery. Descendants from those children have also taken an autosomal
DNA test. Most of them are sharing DNA with Uncle Jack's descendants. There is
even the phenomena of overlapping DNA segments (triangulation) with both
groups, which indicates descendancy from a common ancestor. <i>(Will show this in a future blog post.)</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0px;">Conclusion:
I haven't gotten a Y-DNA test done on the two male cousins mentioned in No. 4,
and that would serve as the ultimate DNA proof. However, the evidence at hand very
strongly indicates that Uncle Jack was simply much lighter-complexioned than
the rest of his younger siblings and was my great-great-grandfather's biological son<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. (Note: European ancestry has been
detected in my great-great-grandmother's lineage)</i>.</span></div>
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-7299459810969799672017-12-21T18:02:00.000-05:002017-12-22T08:20:17.549-05:00Adoptee's DNA Leads to Porter Ties<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEishZIhk5rNA0LV3HGAkNeZ6UtXKcd27ITU_dr7DqFga3X6y8KpeqSFUp9ISEe1GxmvHcZ2sgBFlYtwpEkkqs_MgBXHil9nZiEyE6mEVirrP05ZGumVn02Wb2w3pUy9XlWBJrR8LwZ2YDU/s1600/Rhonda+Melvin_edited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="450" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEishZIhk5rNA0LV3HGAkNeZ6UtXKcd27ITU_dr7DqFga3X6y8KpeqSFUp9ISEe1GxmvHcZ2sgBFlYtwpEkkqs_MgBXHil9nZiEyE6mEVirrP05ZGumVn02Wb2w3pUy9XlWBJrR8LwZ2YDU/s400/Rhonda+Melvin_edited.jpg" width="284" /></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Meeting Cousin Rhonda for the first time in Silver Spring,
Maryland</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui";">On M<span style="margin: 0px;">ay 4,
2015, my cousin Orien Reid Nix sent me an inquiry e-mail. An
adoptee, Rhonda Roorda, contacted her because she is searching for her biological parents. Born in
Rochester, NY, the award-winning author of </span><a href="http://www.rhondamroorda.com/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">In Their Voices: Black Americans on
Transracial Adoption</span></span></i></a><span style="margin: 0px;">,
and also a consultant for the NBC TV series “This Is Us,” had taken two
autosomal DNA tests (FTDNA & AncestryDNA). Rhonda also uploaded her raw data
file to GEDmatch.com. Cousin Orien and Rhonda share 44 cM of identical DNA on
chromosome 3, with an additional 21 cM on the X chromosome. That amount
suggests the third cousin range. Cousin Orien asked me if it is possible if
Rhonda is related via our Danner-Bobo line. As second cousins, my mother and
Cousin Orien are both the great-granddaughters of Edward Danner Sr. (1832-1876)
and Louisa Bobo Danner (1842-1921) of Panola County (Como), Mississippi. Utilizing
the chromosome browser in GEDmatch, I soon realized three key things:</span><span style="margin: 0px;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui";"></span><br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">(1) </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Rhonda
also shares 17 cM with my mother’s brother on chromosome 15 and 18 cM on the X
chromosome, which overlaps with the 21 cM she shares with Cousin Orien on the
X. <span style="margin: 0px;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">(2) </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Rhonda
also shares 20 cM on the X with my mother in the same spot. These overlapping
segments, where everyone is matching each other on the same chromosome spot,
mean that they all inherited that identical DNA from a common ancestor.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">(3) </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Rhonda
is also sharing 9 to 19 cM of identical DNA with four other descendants of
Edward and Louisa Danner.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Therefore,
the answer to Cousin Orien’s question was a resounding <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">YES</b>. Rhonda is our cousin via Edward and/or Louisa Danner. But how?
I also noticed that they all are sharing DNA with three people with the last
name <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PORTER</b>. For privacy purposes, I
will call them Cousins A, B, and C. Those matches would prove to be very
conducive to honing in on the family connection and some of Cousin Rhonda’s
ancestry.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Months
later, a new AncestryDNA match (Cousin D) appeared among my mother’s DNA
matches. She shares 63 cM over 2 segments with my mother, and the “Shared
Matches” include six other descendants of Edward & Louisa Danner who took
the AncestryDNA test. Luckily, Cousin D attached a public family tree to her
profile. I didn’t see any common ancestors, but she had PORTERs in her family
tree. I soon discovered that she, as well as Cousins A, B, and C, all descend
from a couple named Albert Porter and Fillis Whitlock Porter via two of their
12 children. Cousin Rhonda is also sharing significant DNA with Cousins A, B,
C, and D, from 34 to 134 cM. Two other Porter descendants, Cousins E and F,
were also sharing weighty amounts of DNA with us, particularly Rhonda. See
chart below. </span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq0pBmKUNXIbXpfOQgDBRwMmos-w0Ds_PABTE6XEtKUjFTTnkGryyiQdkuL-oZOh8PNFqurrUh4xUGWBRqKDRCtK3062SQlMUAw2PoBIhgVMlgCskPMhIYZTgQy_99O_-3ceO6_thf5YA/s1600/Porter+DNA+Chart.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq0pBmKUNXIbXpfOQgDBRwMmos-w0Ds_PABTE6XEtKUjFTTnkGryyiQdkuL-oZOh8PNFqurrUh4xUGWBRqKDRCtK3062SQlMUAw2PoBIhgVMlgCskPMhIYZTgQy_99O_-3ceO6_thf5YA/s1600/Porter+DNA+Chart.JPG" /></a></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;">DNA Sharing Between Rhonda and Porter Descendants (Cousins A, B, C, D, E, and F)</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">This
analysis revealed that Cousin Rhonda is a descendant of Albert & Fillis
Porter, and one of them was closely-related to Edward or Louisa Danner. The
major commonality between the two couples is <u>location</u>. Grandma Louisa
“Lue” was enslaved by Dr. William Bobo, who transported her, her mother
Clarissa Bobo, and her numerous siblings to Panola County, Mississippi in 1858
from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Union County, South Carolina</b>.
On a trip back to South Carolina in 1859, Dr. Bobo purchased Grandpa Edward
from the Thomas Danner Jr. estate of Union County and brought him back to Mississippi.
According to his Civil War pension file, he had been born on the Danner farm,
which is why he kept the Danner surname. He never saw his family back in South Carolina
again. Edward and Louisa subsequently married in 1860.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Albert
& Fillis Porter were found in the 1870 and 1880 censuses, residing in Union
County! Albert was born around 1838 in South Carolina, and Fillis was born
around 1840, also in South Carolina. After 1880, they and their children later
migrated into Spartanburg County, near Wellford, where their family tree grew
by leaps and bounds. They became members of the Upper Shady Grove Baptist
Church (aka New Shady Grove Baptist Church) near Wellford.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Cousin
Rhonda and the Porters are not sharing DNA with family members related via
Grandma Louisa, who was fathered by a white man named Elijah Wilbourn Jr., according to oral history (DNA-proven). Therefore, the connection strongly appears to be via Grandpa
Edward. When the Danners sold Edward to Dr. Bobo, they also sold most of their 20+
slaves to raise funds for their pending move to Grant County, Arkansas. Thomas’
widow, Nancy Bates Danner, and their sons only kept a woman named Harriet
Danner, possibly Edward’s sister, and her seven children and took them to
Arkansas in 1859. Edward’s parents and siblings were sold to other slave-owners,
but I haven’t been able to uncover the names and whereabouts of Edward’s displaced
family members and who may have purchased them. This has been a longtime
mystery.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">However,
these DNA findings with Cousin Rhonda and the Porters are leading me to believe
that Albert may have been Edward's brother, due to the amount of DNA my family
is sharing with them. So I started digging to try to prove or disprove it.
Here’s what I found.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Research Finding #1</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">In the online
Freedmen's Bureau records, now accessible at </span><a href="http://www.discoverfreedmen.org/"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">discoverfreedmen.org</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">, I found an 1865 labor contract for
Albert & Phillis (Fillis) Porter, being contracted for their labor in Union
County, S.C. by M.S. Porter. These contracts “consist of agreements between
freedmen laborers and planters stating terms of employment, such as pay,
clothing, and medical care due the freedman; the part of the crop to be
retained by him; and whether a plot for growing subsistence crops was to be
provided.” </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;">(</span></i><a href="http://www.freedmensbureau.com/labor.htm"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #0563c1;">Source</span></span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0px;">)</span></i><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">
M.S. Porter was likely the last slave-owner who entered Albert and Fillis into
a labor contract shortly after enslaved people were emancipated. </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidu5ODRLHj1EiS1z2D0VZ7oaCSUxTawInAi-SLbcnKGYuSD2GsNkBLeTeHpsanlGu9-wyP7gNR9W4etWP4ooVDQWvhVs5Oaerbo7CI7DF43zkYfYigGkny62kFOC2Q6corrbCXo2yf95Q/s1600/Porter+Contract+1865+for+blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidu5ODRLHj1EiS1z2D0VZ7oaCSUxTawInAi-SLbcnKGYuSD2GsNkBLeTeHpsanlGu9-wyP7gNR9W4etWP4ooVDQWvhVs5Oaerbo7CI7DF43zkYfYigGkny62kFOC2Q6corrbCXo2yf95Q/s1600/Porter+Contract+1865+for+blog.jpg" /></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1865 Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contract – M.S. Porter &
Albert and Phillis</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span>(Read full contract <a href="http://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9ZG-YVJH?i=373&cc=2127881"><span style="color: #0563c1;">here</span></a>)</span></i></b></span><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"South Carolina,
Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872," images, FamilySearch
(https://familysearch.org : 21 May 2014), Union district, Roll 105, Labor
contracts, series II, A-S, 1866</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">
</span>
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Research Finding #2</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Per the
censuses, M.S. Porter was Marion Sandford Porter. He was only 21 years old in
1860 and was reported as being a planter. I checked the 1860 slave schedule,
and M.S. Porter (spelled Poter in the census) owned five slaves:</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(1)
21-year-old black male</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(2) 18-year-old mulatto female</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(3) 10-year-old mulatto female</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(4) 3-year-old mulatto male</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">(5) 1-year-old mulatto male</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">The
21-year-old black male fits the profile of Albert Porter. Perhaps, the 18-year-old
mulatto female may be Fillis? She was noted as being “mulatto” in the later censuses.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Research Finding #3</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Fillis
died in 1921 in Spartanburg County. Luckily, her death certificate was found on
ancestry.com. Her father’s name was simply written as "Stark." Her
mother’s name was reported as being Mary Whitlock. Since she is reported as
being mulatto in the censuses, I wondered if her father may have been white,
keeping in mind that the census-taker’s mulatto notation was likely based on
appearance. But who was “Stark”? I immediately found my answer. It appears that
he was a white man named Stark Whitlock, born in 1818. His father was Bennett
Whitlock (1790-1859), whose 1859 estate record included a slave inventory.
Among the enslaved were a woman named Phillis and her oldest son, Dennis. In my
extensive research of Grandma Louisa’s family, I haven’t found any ties to the Whitlocks.
Interestingly, Cousin Rhonda shares sizeable amounts of DNA with numerous white
Whitlock descendants.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Research Finding #4</span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Marion
Sandford Porter's father was Hancock Porter, who died in 1852 in Union County.
Per the 1850 slave schedule, Hancock owned 12 slaves. His estate record
revealed that he did not own an enslaved male named Albert. Therefore, young Marion
appeared to have acquired Albert from somebody before 1860. Cousin C mentioned
that the oral history in the Porter family relays that Albert had been sold to
the Porter family and had been separated from own his family. Another
descendant, Marvin Porter, also shared with me that their oral history also
sadly claims that Albert was used to breed children during slavery. This history
was written in a 1987 article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Philadelphia
Inquirer</i> about the Porter family.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRVqc7WPsZJQFIzpkwaN0PhehcVDFveKOXW2gc0kaVxlqmcOdLTKNk6kDcxtEi7ubGFI4DbhdlaPUzEfJ2g0PJ11AlKWvGbY59NMuf6Qt2CtywvyPCxZfqxA5sA5tTDJW1UMFK9snls80/s1600/Porter+Article.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="520" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRVqc7WPsZJQFIzpkwaN0PhehcVDFveKOXW2gc0kaVxlqmcOdLTKNk6kDcxtEi7ubGFI4DbhdlaPUzEfJ2g0PJ11AlKWvGbY59NMuf6Qt2CtywvyPCxZfqxA5sA5tTDJW1UMFK9snls80/s640/Porter+Article.jpg" width="432" /></a></span><br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">1987 <i>Philadelphia
Inquirer</i> Article</span></b><span style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</span><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">(Shared by Rhonda Roorda)</span></i></span><span style="font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">McCabe, Barbara. “Bus Driver
Discover Road to Relatives.” <i>The
Philadelphia Inquirer</i> [Philadelphia, PA] 9 July 1987: Page 30-M. Print.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> </span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">The
Porter Family’s oral history is matching up with the documented history about Grandpa
Edward Danner – the sad saga of enslaved families being permanently separated.
I am theorizing, with a high level of certainty, that Albert and Edward were
brothers who got sold and took different surnames. This was not uncommon. I
have no doubt that future DNA testing (and/or more genealogical research) will
help to solve this case. Stay tuned.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;">Cousin
Rhonda was recently invited down to Spartanburg, South Carolina to meet some of
the descendants of Albert & Fillis Porter, who have held a number of family
reunions and who garner a great pride in their family history. The resemblances
to Rhonda were quite noticeable. She shared, “It was a real blessing to be in
Spartanburg this past weekend and have the opportunity to meet some of these
amazing relatives. The fact that family members arranged a welcome gathering
for me was quite humbling and beautiful. The elders were so happy that they
could meet me, as I was them. It was a great trip.” Incredibly, her DNA match
to my Danner family led to a wonderful discovery – the Danners and Porters are blood
kinfolks. Our family histories added a special meaning to our biological
connection. However, the best outcome will be when Cousin Rhonda uncovers the
identity of one or both of her biological parents. That day will come.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"></span><br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUOoVcN6E_Mh2XodypIUFyXz5DKSEONHpoqzssvYuPWAE_JhqGGCwH2V7VbcvkCgdtU_E6rtfqSP4it6z50g_995XXKztfix-nGiQwe14mPCRRB5-tiqqDd4ig5zhZTH5hbCT9nTGwLnA/s1600/Rhonda+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUOoVcN6E_Mh2XodypIUFyXz5DKSEONHpoqzssvYuPWAE_JhqGGCwH2V7VbcvkCgdtU_E6rtfqSP4it6z50g_995XXKztfix-nGiQwe14mPCRRB5-tiqqDd4ig5zhZTH5hbCT9nTGwLnA/s1600/Rhonda+5.jpg" /></a></span><br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cousin Rhonda with relatives in Spartanburg, South Carolina</span></span></b><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; margin: 0px;"><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "quot"; font-size: 10.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Shared by Rhonda Roorda)</span></span></i></span></div>
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<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike>Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-37356304897522469562017-03-04T19:27:00.000-05:002017-03-04T20:18:37.696-05:00The Family Was Broken but the DNA Wasn’t<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 115%;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">In </span><a href="http://www.150yearslater.com/" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><b><i>150 Years Later: Broken Ties
Mended</i></b></a><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">, I wrote the following about how I learned that a man named </span><b style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Pleasant (Pleas) Barr </b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">(1814-1889) of Tippah
County (Ripley), Mississippi was the father of my mother’s paternal
grandfather, </span><b style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">William “Bill” Reed</b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">
(1846-1937) of Tate County (Senatobia), Mississippi. Grandpa Bill’s death
certificate provided his name. He, his sister Mary, and others came to northern
Mississippi in 1866, from Abbeville, South Carolina, shortly after gaining their
freedom. Grandpa Bill Reed told stories to his children and grandchildren about
his experiences as a slave in South Carolina. Many of those stories are in the
book. Here’s one account:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">After discovering Pleasant Barr, I called
Cousin Ike and expressed ecstatically, “I found out Grandpa Bill’s father’s
name! It was Pleas Barr!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The name jarred his memory. He immediately
shared, “Yeah, that’s right! Boy, you
are sure digging up some history! Grandpa Bill told us that his father was
named Pleas, and that’s where Uncle Pleas’ name came from.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">“So he talked about his father,” I questioned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">“Oh yeah, all the time! He told us that his
father was sold away, and they never saw him again. He used to talk about the
day it happened. He said that they loaded his father on a wagon, and as the
wagon was leaving the place, Grandpa just stood there and watched until the
wagon was out of sight. It crossed some creek near the place where they were
at, and it went down into a valley, and went off into the sunset. His father
was gone but not forgotten. He talked about that so often because he always
wondered where they took him. He was a young boy at the time.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I was floored by this vivid account but
saddened by what it gave an account of.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">“What about his mother? Did he talk about her,
too,” I asked with grave curiosity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Bewildered, he stated, “You know, he didn’t
talk about his mother much. He talked about an older sister that took care of
him, but I don’t recall much of anything ever being said about his mother. I
don’t know what may have happened to her.”
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Apparently, Uncle Jimmy Reed also did not know
much about Grandpa Bill’s mother since the words “not known” were written on
his death certificate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Cousin Ike’s account sent chills through me
like water flowing down the mighty Mississippi River. He continued, “Grandpa sure
did love his father though. I remember him telling us how he was such a
fun-loving man who would always joke around with the other slaves there on the
place. You know that was really hard on him to be separated from his father
like that, never to see him again and never knowing where his father was at. He
would always say that he watched his father being taken away, off into the
sunset.” <i><b>(Chapter 3, “Gone But Not
Forgotten,” pp. 44-45)</b><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In <b><i>150
Years Later: Broken Ties Mended</i></b>, I chronicled how years of connecting
the dots through oral history, genealogy research, and slave ancestral genealogy research
enabled me to reconstruct Grandpa Bill Reed’s family story and family tree –
one that got broken in 1859 in Abbeville, South Carolina. That year, his father
was sold away and taken to Ripley, Mississippi, and William Barr Jr. took his
mother, Isabella Barr, his paternal grandmother, Fanny Barr, and his father’s
sister, Sue Barr Beckley (born c. 1812), her husband Jacob Sr., and their twelve
children to Pontotoc County, Mississippi. Barr had sold Grandpa Bill and his
sister to his first cousin, Lemuel Reid, there in Abbeville. Grandpa Bill never
laid eyes on them again, but he told his family about them, particularly his
father, Pleas, and his first cousin, Cannon Beckley, with whom he had a
brother-like relationship. I told the story of this discovery and presented a
great amount of documentation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Although
the preponderance of evidence was quite abundant, I would sometimes ask myself,
<b>“What if?”</b> Sometimes, the truth is
not always what the paper records indicate. What if I misinterpreted my
research findings? What if I had missed something? What if I saw something that
really wasn’t there? What if I drew the wrong conclusions? These were usually just
quick thoughts because the amount of genealogical records and oral history I
presented in the book left my shadow of doubt at a very low 5%. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Now we
have autosomal DNA testing (AncestryDNA, 23andMe, or Family Tree DNA) to not
only learn about what is in our DNA and who our biological relatives are, but
we can also prove some of our research through DNA matches. We can also connect
with family branches of our family tree that we never knew existed. We can add
more narrative to our ancestors’ stories. This is what makes autosomal DNA and
genetic genealogy very exciting for me. As descendants of enslaved people of African descent in
America, African Americans will undoubtedly have numerous DNA matches to people
whose ancestors were forcibly separated from their loved ones during slavery. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">DNA now
has my shadow of doubt at ZERO percent with Grandpa Bill Reed’s family roots.
When his father was sold and taken to Ripley, Mississippi, Grandpa Pleas Barr continued
on with his life as best as he knew how. He remarried to a widowed lady named <a href="http://myancestorsname.blogspot.com/2010/04/night-stars-fell-my-search-for-amanda.html">Amanda
Young</a>, and they had one child together, <b>Elijah Barr</b>, who was born about 1866/1867. I can’t help but wonder
if Grandpa Pleas told Elijah about his children back in Abbeville, South
Carolina. Sadly, before he died in/around 1889, Grandpa Pleas never learned that
Grandpa Bill Reed and Aunt Mary Pratt had left South Carolina shortly after
slavery and were just sixty miles away from him, over near Senatobia,
Mississippi. They were so close but still so far.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Uncle Elijah
Barr eventually moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he married Lula Winston on March
16, 1908. Before Elijah died in 1918, he and Lula had two children: Frances
Barr Evans (1909-1991) and Rev. James Matthew Barr (1913-198?). His
descendants, via his daughter Frances, were finally found last year after I
clicked on a “Shaky Leaf” family tree hint in ancestry.com. That “Shaky Leaf”
led me to a family tree uploaded by Ivy of California, indicating that the same
Elijah Barr was her great great grandfather! Soon afterwards, another descendant,
a great great grandson named Keith of Chicago, shared pictures! One of them
included this old picture of Elijah’s widow, Lula, and their two children. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_eRl7Sy0HMBUCXLoOsSLrIx3Kuv9p0WKRYGod-kQB5q_lw5Z4jqKxN5dvvDlaffDCOBht7fSa1D8LFuGZ_mvM4MqG0obVDCZL75zY4ov8WlWRW7L5GXG8GHcMeVcuEMWXuCW3J_KgVOQ/s1600/Lula+Barr+and+Children.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_eRl7Sy0HMBUCXLoOsSLrIx3Kuv9p0WKRYGod-kQB5q_lw5Z4jqKxN5dvvDlaffDCOBht7fSa1D8LFuGZ_mvM4MqG0obVDCZL75zY4ov8WlWRW7L5GXG8GHcMeVcuEMWXuCW3J_KgVOQ/s1600/Lula+Barr+and+Children.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Elijah Barr’s widow, Lula Winston Barr, and their two children,
Frances & James Barr. Shortly after Elijah’s death, she and her children
moved to Chicago, Illinois.</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <i><b>Shared by Keith
Evans</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">Subsequently,
I also learned that another descendant, a great great granddaughter of Elijah,
had taken the 23andMe DNA test. Lo and behold, Jessica was among our DNA
matches, matching me, my mother, my aunt, and their paternal first cousin Armintha
on overlapping segments on chromosomes 3 and 4. To add, and not shown here, she also matches my mother's paternal first cousin's grandson, Dr. Leroy Frazier, at 23 cM.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq1kcOniC-XNAnhuuPjXj6OsTsc54BsOJ_mxSFC9HWtxAE6dm-_n0n6176TZq9x32ndn8ZT3O4QD4Yh3BhIHe-GMromOrxVqxlIcOtf3h7tXmEVMb3JXgoBVZa8w42hSc8Nb0cOyUuzlE/s1600/Jessica+DNA+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq1kcOniC-XNAnhuuPjXj6OsTsc54BsOJ_mxSFC9HWtxAE6dm-_n0n6176TZq9x32ndn8ZT3O4QD4Yh3BhIHe-GMromOrxVqxlIcOtf3h7tXmEVMb3JXgoBVZa8w42hSc8Nb0cOyUuzlE/s1600/Jessica+DNA+1.JPG" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_EJmbproGjOu0qmQqu2tw4AOHJOCG3pNTJ3J2CDy0OrIOixiLFGvUOKAteSZKZpl3d7OcJv8OnfAywdtK0nz2z_KDsLHCFxHoO4bFZ2t2oOdcHDLGEap7XoIW0TAjUWqNe1EOsoexy4A/s1600/Jessica+DNA+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_EJmbproGjOu0qmQqu2tw4AOHJOCG3pNTJ3J2CDy0OrIOixiLFGvUOKAteSZKZpl3d7OcJv8OnfAywdtK0nz2z_KDsLHCFxHoO4bFZ2t2oOdcHDLGEap7XoIW0TAjUWqNe1EOsoexy4A/s1600/Jessica+DNA+2.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">As
mentioned earlier, William Barr Jr. took Sue Barr Beckley and her husband Jacob
and their twelve children to Pontotoc County, Mississippi. The preponderance of
evidence led me to conclude that she was Grandpa Pleas Barr’s sister and both
of them were children of Lewis Barr (born c. 1780) and Fanny Barr (born c.
1790). To date, at least six descendants of Sue have taken an autosomal DNA
test, and they are DNA matches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI";">(1)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In AncestryDNA, wa7860 shares <b>42 cM over 2 segments</b> with my mother. Sue
is his 4th-great grandmother via her son, Cannon Beckley (1840-1903). He and my mother are third
cousins three times removed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuc0J21dHyYYem8Muhlx7B0HeDD3TNmLhzmSUYDxbCMN0cGakEuUyGqFUy9R3Qc-CwXK43LqV5JH2l6hiwt2Qucy5ylGM-Mrnz00RaCsx5PAhM4IH9t2Wu-CpuFzmG-N1p38axExM_y4E/s1600/Beckley+DNA+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuc0J21dHyYYem8Muhlx7B0HeDD3TNmLhzmSUYDxbCMN0cGakEuUyGqFUy9R3Qc-CwXK43LqV5JH2l6hiwt2Qucy5ylGM-Mrnz00RaCsx5PAhM4IH9t2Wu-CpuFzmG-N1p38axExM_y4E/s1600/Beckley+DNA+1.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI";">(2)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In AncestryDNA, kismo7185 shares <b>30 cM over 2 segments</b> with my mother. Sue
is her 3rd-great grandmother via her son, Cannon Beckley (1840-1903). She and my mother are third
cousins twice removed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMs5WVWE1btPRW9Y0P9d3mipL1_947nF_7miG8Oyw73n955oK9d_kzgd5IzpLNM4CGtV8beJed2F0GEIXWHSEqHRz_gu9LE_Ss2RiVExDD4AYpPn24qhArRnSGVgH81xhU8Da2uV-iCeg/s1600/Beckley+DNA+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMs5WVWE1btPRW9Y0P9d3mipL1_947nF_7miG8Oyw73n955oK9d_kzgd5IzpLNM4CGtV8beJed2F0GEIXWHSEqHRz_gu9LE_Ss2RiVExDD4AYpPn24qhArRnSGVgH81xhU8Da2uV-iCeg/s1600/Beckley+DNA+2.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI";">(3)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In AncestryDNA, M.G. shares <b>28 cM over 4 segments</b> with my mother. Sue
is her great great grandmother via her son, Cannon Beckley (1840-1903). She and my mother are third
cousins once removed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivwIjqK7ASPCeBGwq3C4keyUkdm209ju0j-5eUs7WP8VPg-ycZGRmVL6nT6N0gF3OS-42Kh1X0MS80KN0HByAFTYfD2BCLNPKFnUWIPMScciDd1Yjj6mccnAuM51QoiBI_l3PiqujrnZc/s1600/Beckley+DNA+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivwIjqK7ASPCeBGwq3C4keyUkdm209ju0j-5eUs7WP8VPg-ycZGRmVL6nT6N0gF3OS-42Kh1X0MS80KN0HByAFTYfD2BCLNPKFnUWIPMScciDd1Yjj6mccnAuM51QoiBI_l3PiqujrnZc/s1600/Beckley+DNA+3.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI";">(4)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In AncestryDNA, OnreaR shares <b>30 cM over 2 segments</b> with my mother. Sue
is her 3rd-great grandmother via her son, Cannon Beckley (1840-1903). She and my mother are third
cousins twice removed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBg5U7_qhYsOc9G5EpZ8oAnqs4FUO_rhajG8l_L6Kox1rQ259_CFNWKrSpbF7X19cG_2YS7jossGNLlJiy1KsCSnrSMTQSuQqGo_F4F59et2vWkC3bXoKEBnNx5j-hDTAFDCpw6eRBARo/s1600/Beckley+DNA+4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBg5U7_qhYsOc9G5EpZ8oAnqs4FUO_rhajG8l_L6Kox1rQ259_CFNWKrSpbF7X19cG_2YS7jossGNLlJiy1KsCSnrSMTQSuQqGo_F4F59et2vWkC3bXoKEBnNx5j-hDTAFDCpw6eRBARo/s1600/Beckley+DNA+4.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI";">(5)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In AncestryDNA, J.R. shares <b>8.5 cM</b> with my mother. Sue is his 3rd-great
grandmother via her son, Cannon Beckley (1840-1903). He and my mother are third cousins twice
removed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinqIu5AnFskilr92GYiYD9QHW-Xr1SZ9sbRPMcoed2lliiVYxLvYQp99kFPNztg_itn8RdspTWpiFXHURVlIloUKsnVYe5CZla8vTYysH9CFFZ-aJJfmvLgtoh2asvlEuUp5rAPYCpRe0/s1600/Beckley+DNA+5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinqIu5AnFskilr92GYiYD9QHW-Xr1SZ9sbRPMcoed2lliiVYxLvYQp99kFPNztg_itn8RdspTWpiFXHURVlIloUKsnVYe5CZla8vTYysH9CFFZ-aJJfmvLgtoh2asvlEuUp5rAPYCpRe0/s1600/Beckley+DNA+5.JPG" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI";">(6)<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">In 23andMe, Arlene shares <b>21 cM</b> with my uncle and my aunt on
overlapping segments. Sue is her 3rd-great grandmother via her son, Clay Beckley (1846-1903). They
are third cousins twice removed. Arlene also shares DNA with Jessica at <b>25 cM</b>. They are fifth cousins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSHkdJZclEVm_Mgddk7bS78nmprysgQfiQxI_evqooMuNw7bQ2_CMuD8QMBef0rizfYDJH7eZFjNY-3pvdDRmnJF9-d3vXvyThSFypRpkU__ltDyOMNTCp0SHQD-SjGo2Qj_byRdYY92A/s1600/Beckley+DNA+6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSHkdJZclEVm_Mgddk7bS78nmprysgQfiQxI_evqooMuNw7bQ2_CMuD8QMBef0rizfYDJH7eZFjNY-3pvdDRmnJF9-d3vXvyThSFypRpkU__ltDyOMNTCp0SHQD-SjGo2Qj_byRdYY92A/s1600/Beckley+DNA+6.JPG" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJNMtwMaXrdlnKmyhOH0jNE0t1i4RJKyfj-PAN4cnSpp_WH-q-7oGiEOWMBW0WXJozSsKgg0AK0FPEgGFQS4JfiKdPJmNbOSm5JWnFfLUB_zO4iw1r-xjw69iSsSPDSvyS-V5yGaxGTsc/s1600/Beckley+DNA+7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJNMtwMaXrdlnKmyhOH0jNE0t1i4RJKyfj-PAN4cnSpp_WH-q-7oGiEOWMBW0WXJozSsKgg0AK0FPEgGFQS4JfiKdPJmNbOSm5JWnFfLUB_zO4iw1r-xjw69iSsSPDSvyS-V5yGaxGTsc/s1600/Beckley+DNA+7.JPG" /></a></div>
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Since Ancestry.com
has refused to provide their millions of DNA customers with a chromosome
browser, like 23andMe and Family Tree DNA have done, and since three of the seven
haven’t uploaded their raw data files to GEDmatch.com, I am unable to do more
DNA triangulations. But there’s no doubt in my mind that this is DNA from Lewis & Fanny Barr, our Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA), that is shared
among them. <b>The family was broken during
slavery, but the DNA wasn’t</b>.<span style="text-align: center;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlPj8HfajOeZll9HBme73Wo5Ordz6A3OhLFAmzd0zgrx8VWdBWCzodOe5LcOeLahDEPNs3y-ejv-1jh6RJOdkALaVvSXxJ1ZBmbYfJpaxfh6sPxl5zcuJ9jLJe6E01ChIPgkyNkQ9DrXQ/s1600/Fanny+Barr+1880.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlPj8HfajOeZll9HBme73Wo5Ordz6A3OhLFAmzd0zgrx8VWdBWCzodOe5LcOeLahDEPNs3y-ejv-1jh6RJOdkALaVvSXxJ1ZBmbYfJpaxfh6sPxl5zcuJ9jLJe6E01ChIPgkyNkQ9DrXQ/s1600/Fanny+Barr+1880.JPG" /></a></div>
<b style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1880 Pontotoc County, Mississippi Census: </span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Grandpa Bill Reed’s paternal grandmother, Fanny Barr, was still alive when the 1880 census was taken. Her age was reported as being 100 years old. She was living with her grandson, Rev. Jacob Beckley Jr.</span><br />
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Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-6760121234698118782017-01-01T20:51:00.000-05:002017-01-01T23:13:56.268-05:00The Miracles of DNA: Our Family Reunion in Ghana, Africa<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">This is my first blog post for 2017.
I am very happy to make this blog post about our dream-like family reunion in
Ghana on December 11 & 14, 2016. There will be other blog posts about our spectacular
week in Ghana.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCwHd_Rpa3S-IqEh-HuN5xKAcUm68fOXxoigMhyphenhyphen9wv5pu69A6e9EqXK0mvlq8j8ntBY3F8i7N_Z34PxZSs2YP89wPP4DoNseo23FAjefe-B77pxdqCylJqC7xxXspV3V5o4b-wX1tJQZ0/s1600/Pic+1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCwHd_Rpa3S-IqEh-HuN5xKAcUm68fOXxoigMhyphenhyphen9wv5pu69A6e9EqXK0mvlq8j8ntBY3F8i7N_Z34PxZSs2YP89wPP4DoNseo23FAjefe-B77pxdqCylJqC7xxXspV3V5o4b-wX1tJQZ0/s1600/Pic+1.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My cousins (R to L),
Dr. Leroy Frazier, Andre Edwards, James Johnson, and I with our host William
Obeng in the middle. My cousins and I all are descendants of Luke Edwards (Ogbar Ogumba) and Lucy Edwards of Panola County (Como), Mississippi. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">During
Memorial Day weekend of May 2016, my cousins and I discussed the possibility of
traveling to Ghana at our Edwards homecoming celebration in northern Mississippi. One
of my cousins, Dr. Leroy Frazier, my maternal grandfather’s great-nephew, was
already set to travel to Ghana in December. By Labor Day weekend, I had not
made the final decision if I was going to accompany them to Ghana or travel
there in 2017. I had always wanted to visit Ghana, especially after receiving two
DNA matches to Ghanaians, both on my mother’s father's side. One of the DNA matches is Kweku Folson of London. Both of his parents were Ghana immigrants to
the UK. His family roots hailed from Winneba and Cape Coast, in the Central
Region of south Ghana, and his family are of the Akan people. Kweku’s IBD
(Identity by Descent) match to three cousins from the Reed/Edwards side of my
mother's family on the same chromosome revealed our ancestral connection to the
Gold Coast (Ghana). See this <b><a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2016/03/trekking-edwards-trail-back-to-ghana.html">March
2016 blog post</a></b> for more details concerning this significant DNA match
to my Edwards lineage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">On
September 5, 2016, which was Labor Day, I checked my family's DNA accounts to
see if any new DNA matches appeared. This is something that I do almost daily. Three
months prior, I was able to generate a pseudo-DNA Lazarus kit in GEDmatch for my
deceased maternal grandfather, Simpson Reed, using three of his children,
including my mother, one of his baby brother's daughters, who is 95 years old, a
great-nephew, and 10 Edwards cousins, who had also taken an autosomal DNA test
and had uploaded their raw data files to GEDmatch. My grandfather was the
grandson of Prince Edwards (a son of Luke & Lucy) of Panola County, Mississippi, his mother's father.
While I was scrolling through the list of my grandfather's DNA matches in
GEDmatch on that September day, I came across a foreign-looking name that
appeared to be African. Her name was <b>Nana
Faba Idun</b>. She was also a DNA match to my mother's brother. I immediately
contacted LaKisha David, the person who manages Nana Faba's account, on Facebook.
She responded within an hour!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">To my
joy, LaKisha informed me that Nana Faba was an elderly, 81-year-old Fante woman who
resides in Elmina, Ghana, where she was born and raised, and the town where
Elmina Castle, the slave dungeon, was located in the Central Region of south
Ghana. This is the same region where Kweku Folson's family roots are from. </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui", sans-serif;">She became my family's 3rd DNA match to Ghana!</span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui", sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui", sans-serif;">Also to my joy, LaKisha immediately connected me with four of Nana Faba's
granddaughters, Rita Quaigrain Owusu, Rhoda Quaigrain, Efua Martin, and Ivy
Gyaaba Martin, who were also on Facebook. They immediately embraced me and Cousin Leroy. Nana Faba's granddaughter, Rhoda, who resides in Canada, and LaKisha
are best friends. In May 2016, both of them had traveled to Ghana, and while
they were there, LaKisha collected saliva samples from Rhoda's mother and maternal
grandmother, Nana Faba, for the AncestryDNA test. After receiving the results, LaKisha
subsequently uploaded their raw data files to GEDmatch, an effort for </span><b style="font-family: "segoe ui", sans-serif;"><a href="https://takir.org/">TAKiR</a></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui", sans-serif;">,
the African Kinship Reunion project.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">At this
point, I then decided to make the trip to Ghana in
December with my cousins to see our ancestral homeland. I had only three months to prepare. We arrived in Accra,
Ghana on the night of Saturday, December 10, 2016. Two days before arriving,
Cousin Leroy received the final confirmation that we were going to be able to
meet Cousin Nana Faba Idun and her family. They happily agreed to the
"family reunion." To say that I was excited is a gross
understatement. The adjective "euphoric" doesn't properly describe
how I was feeling! A family reunion with African cousins was something that was
beyond my wildest dreams. Just several years ago, I never fathomed that
something like this would even be possible! But DNA technology and the efforts
of LaKisha and Rhoda, and her grandmother's willingness, made this possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">One of Cousin Nana Faba's
daughters, Faustina Quaigrain, resided in the suburban village of Kasoa, which is
adjacent to Accra, the capital city of Ghana. Therefore, the first part of this
monumental family reunion was with Cousin Faustina, her husband, Chief Dr. Kennedy Quaigrain, and grandchildren and great grandchildren of Cousin Nana Faba there on
Sunday, the day after we arrived in Accra. What a great way to start our
visit to Ghana! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">We were warmly welcomed into their home in the Ghanaian
traditional style. We conversed about the significance of this family reunion,
which was reuniting them with African-American cousins whose ancestors were likely taken
away from the Gold Coast, and our reconnecting with the blood descendants in
Ghana. Cousin Chief Quaigrain discussed the importance of family connections and
maintaining those family ties. We reiterated the effects of the transatlantic
slave trade (The Middle Passage) on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. We
expressed to the family how we are just four out of thousands of African-American
cousins that they have. Chief Dr. Quaigrain also gave us a brief history lesson
about the Fante people of the Central Region of Ghana. The Fante people are a subgroup of the Akan. He
poignantly expressed, <b><i>"Since you all made the great effort in
traveling thousands of miles to Ghana to connect with us, we take great
pleasure in opening our home and welcoming you all, our family, back home to
Ghana."</i></b> Hearing those words touched our hearts deeply. I felt my
eyes watering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih2GhJ_guDooinfuyVbYt8Ln0Uro3iW4EPIGNgUZSKjtytb-67v0fpBJXRNI4YTIbh-XezZDEjhzh8u21FX7wa5SM9SWRl8vbj-UP_8cpqe_Hf-qxE3ZePy7bhu3ZoTHYTWt_toQdU5M4/s1600/Pic+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih2GhJ_guDooinfuyVbYt8Ln0Uro3iW4EPIGNgUZSKjtytb-67v0fpBJXRNI4YTIbh-XezZDEjhzh8u21FX7wa5SM9SWRl8vbj-UP_8cpqe_Hf-qxE3ZePy7bhu3ZoTHYTWt_toQdU5M4/s1600/Pic+2.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">With the daughters, son-in-law, grandchildren, and
great-grandchildren</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">of Cousin Nana Faba Idun in Kasoa, Ghana<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5izrSzZiLMMby9f1UDatBr32dGZyYoQQWOFTIHEE1NR8OYYwl3vQQPmEPSNxeWF7AIpJY3vWvTkcBG80LyDdg8qUfn9-1Khow2xkq8TDb69JkjnehWqdas0fuB6OQF6cb0nKJamdEZ08/s1600/Pic+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5izrSzZiLMMby9f1UDatBr32dGZyYoQQWOFTIHEE1NR8OYYwl3vQQPmEPSNxeWF7AIpJY3vWvTkcBG80LyDdg8qUfn9-1Khow2xkq8TDb69JkjnehWqdas0fuB6OQF6cb0nKJamdEZ08/s1600/Pic+3.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Chief Dr. Kennedy Quaigrain discussing the importance of family with us. </span></b><i><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">(Photo by Andre
Edwards)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">The
second part of this great family reunion occurred that Wednesday, December 14,
in Cape Coast, Ghana. Our host, William Obeng, and his family planned
a Homecoming Reception for us that night, which was attended by over 100 people
from the Central Region and Accra. We had no idea that the Obeng Family would
literally roll out the red carpet for us! Local dignitaries, their family and
friends, as well as the Ghana media, were in attendance to welcome us
"home." We were simply in awe. Not only that, since Cousin Nana Faba
Idun resided nearby in Elmina, she was able to attend the reception, along with
her daughters and grandchildren. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">At the
reception, we laid eyes on Cousin Nana Faba Idun for the very first time. For a
minute, I just sat there and stared at her. I was in disbelief about what was
occurring. I simply could not believe it! To garner DNA matches with African
cousins is colossal within itself, but to meet that relative in person in
Africa took it to a wonderfully greater level that I never imagined. I kept
saying to myself, "Is this happening for real?" <b>It was real.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif;">As we sat
at the table, talking and laughing with the family, our family, we felt a bond
that was no longer hidden and broken. Even one of the camera men stated,
"It seemed like you all have known each other for years." We knew
that the ancestors were happy. It did not matter at all that we did not know
exactly how we are related. This was one of the inhumane effects of American
chattel slavery and the transatlantic slave trade. Nonetheless, just the simple
fact that we were blood family who had returned back "home" to Ghana was
all that mattered. According to LaKisha, Cousin Nana Faba's brother, Joseph
“Kawantwi” Arthur, remembered childhood stories from their elders about
ancestors being taken away from the Gold Coast, never to return. On December
11, 2016, after over 200 years, they returned home through us. <b>I thank God and the ancestors for this
wonderful blessing!<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My cousins and I with Cousin Nana Faba Idun, her
daughters, and grandchildren in Cape Coast, Ghana</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cousin Nana Faba Idun of Elmina, Ghana and me</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cousin Leroy talking and laughing with Cousin Nana Faba and
her granddaughter, Rita</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">People from Ghana at the Homecoming Reception in Cape Coast</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ghana TV News station 3 at the Homecoming Reception
interviewing my cousins and me</span></b></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com22tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-88231997070385208582016-07-23T16:50:00.002-04:002016-07-23T16:50:50.623-04:00Africa’s Major Contributions to Civilization<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm2vvAGQs7B6m4QP59bOJpJusQo_Zw5O9oVITqFJsfIJNly8e7gencbLqxL4rQpiEAhafOhMi_tv7TwZu21xOq5wtsMZ4c3pgbTPKNpyyaklWkKa05Vw2H0q5Q0zl3FVKdfeNoHYJXH34/s1600/Pyramids.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm2vvAGQs7B6m4QP59bOJpJusQo_Zw5O9oVITqFJsfIJNly8e7gencbLqxL4rQpiEAhafOhMi_tv7TwZu21xOq5wtsMZ4c3pgbTPKNpyyaklWkKa05Vw2H0q5Q0zl3FVKdfeNoHYJXH34/s1600/Pyramids.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">On
Monday on MSNBC, Iowa Republican representative Steve King, with his white supremacist
mentality, made an ignorant claim that white people have made more contributions
to western civilization than other “sub-groups.” He stated, <i>“I’d ask you to go
back to your history and figure out where are these contributions that have
been made by these other categories of people that you’re talking about, where
did any other sub-group of people contribute more to civilization?”</i> I continue
to be in awe of the ignorance that many with his mindset spew from their mouths.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">If
they have read anything at all, they seemed to have read the works of many European
historians who have credited the Greeks, Romans, and other Europeans for the
sciences and technologies that contributed to the development of
civilization. Those historians revised history to
support their ideology of white supremacy. They have even claimed that ancient Egyptians (Kemites) were
“dark-skinned whites” who built the pyramids. Maybe they did not know that even “Egypt,” a country in North Africa,
means “Black.” Maybe they closed their eyes to the fact that “Kemet” means “Land
of Black People.” They deliberately tried to hide the fact that Kemites (people
of Kemet) and Nubians had migrated across central and northern Africa to West
Africa, greatly influencing the diverse, West African cultures from which we African
Americans descend from. Contrary to their mendacious history, many groups of
people have greatly contributed to civilization. However, I want to take a quick
break from genealogical and DNA blog postings to highlight some of the many contributions
from Africa. Civilization and humankind emanated from Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">A
plethora of sources unmistakably show that the origins of many scientific
inventions truly hailed from Africa. Unfortunately, we – the descendants of Africans
who were forcibly extracted from their homeland and enslaved in America – have been
falsely taught that our ancestors had little or nothing to do with the
development of civilization. Obviously that
was a huge lie. Anthropological evidence has shown that advances in
engineering, mathematics, navigation, physics and other fields of science
occurred in purely African societies long before it was previously believed
possible (1). Many things that we utilize today should be credited to the
historical accomplishments of Africa. I will expound on a few.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Paper, Alphabet, Ink,
and Pen<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Many
inventions from Africa contributed to the birth of every technology that exists
today. Of those many inventions,
scholars such as John G. Jackson (1993) believed that the greatest inventions
were the paper, alphabet, ink, and pen.
The Kemites of northern Africa discovered the need for something other
than stone to write upon; therefore, they invented the paper from stripes of
papyrus reed. The word “paper” was
derived from the word “papyrus,” a Kemetic word that originally meant “that
which belongs to the house.” The ink was
made from a combination of vegetable gum, soot, and water. James Henry Breasted (1915) asserted that
writing has played the single most important role in the uplifting and
advancing of civilization – a greater role than any other intellectual
invention in the history of </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Humankind
(2).</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Clearly, many technologies of today
would not have been conceived efficiently without the Kemites’ ingenious
inventions of the paper, alphabet, ink, and pen.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Calendar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Another
great invention of mankind was the invention of the calendar by the people of
ancient Kemet. Through their meticulous
study of the sun, moon, and stars, they were able to precisely calculate the
flooding of the Nile River which was vital to their ability to farm. The Kemites discovered that the movement and
position of the sun and the moon had a direct effect on all objects on the
planet Earth. From this revelation, the
astronomers of Kemet were the first to develop a solar calendar which divided
the year into 365 days with 12 months of 30 days each. An additional five days were interjected in
the end of the year. These five days
corresponded to the birth of the Gods (Netcherw) Osiris, Isis, Horus, Set, and
Nephthys, who were the progenitors of the human race (3). Successive civilizations went on to create
their own calendars, owing much to the pioneering development in ancient
Kemet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Electricity<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Electricity
is the “fuel” for most technologies today. Many devices simply will not operate without electricity. The world has now become so dependent on
electricity, that many people will find it extremely difficult to live without
it. When I researched to determine the
inventor of electricity, several sources credit that invention to the Greek
scientist, Thales of Miletus. Even in
their book entitled <i>Electricity</i> by
C.A. Coulson and T.J.M. Boyd, the following statements were made:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: .5in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">The fact that a piece of amber, when rubbed,
will attract small particles of matter was known 2500 years ago by Thales of
Miletus. From this simple experimental
fact has developed the whole science of electrostatics, which deals with the
properties of electricity at rest.
Indeed the very word electricity is derived from the Greek word for
amber, η’λεκτρον. Since the beginnings
of physics with the Milesian school of philosophers in the sixth century B.C.,
a great deal of experimental knowledge of electricity has accumulated,
especially in the last 200 years (4).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Numerous
other sources also extended credit to Thales of Miletus. Scholars claimed that he discovered that when
amber was rubbed with other materials, it became charged with an unknown force
that had the power to attract objects such as dried leaves, feathers, bits of
cloth, or other lightweight materials. Of all the sources investigated, all of them omitted the fact that
Thales of Miletus <b>received an education
in ancient Kemet</b>. His ability for
keen observation can be contributed to the Black people of ancient Kemet. He studied in Egypt and Babylon, bringing
back knowledge of physics, astronomy and mathematics. Documented evidence shows that the
Babylonians copied and obtained all of their knowledge from the people of
ancient Kemet. Although the Kemites did
not directly invent electricity, their influence and teachings enabled Thales
of Miletus to discover this invention that had an enormous effect on the world
of the successive generations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mathematics<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">In
the area of mathematics, the papyrus rolls, the limestone chips, and the
leather rolls clearly outlined many of the rules of arithmetic and geometry by
the people of ancient Kemet. The longest
roll, which was written by the Kemetic scribe, Ahmose, is known as the “Rhind
Mathematical Papyrus” after Alexander Rhind who brought it to Europe. Some of the mathematical equations in this
papyrus included the Pythagorean Theorem, methods for determining the surface
of the triangle, rectangle, and circle, and methods for determining the volume
of a sphere. Long before the Ahmose
papyrus was written, Kemetic mathematicians were already guiding the
construction of pyramids and measuring the cotangent to guarantee that the pyramids
would be stable. Even our present-day
decimal system is a direct result of mathematics originated by the Kemites.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ancient
Kemetic mathematics did not die; it simply blended into the new mathematics of
the classical period. Books by Greek classical
mathematicians fully acknowledge their debt to ancient Egypt (5). As Greek city states developed, a number of
Greeks traveled to Egypt to study. In
fact, the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, said that “Egypt was the cradle of
mathematics.” Eudoxus, who was
Aristotle’s teacher and a foremost mathematician of his time, had also studied
in ancient Kemet before teaching mathematics in Greece. Isokrates and Plato were profoundly influenced
by ancient Egyptian philosophy. Euclid
learned mathematics in Ancient Kemet before applying it elsewhere. However, many Western historiographers will
vehemently deny that the origins of mathematics came from ancient Kemet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Medicine<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Yes,
medicine! Society has become accustomed to crediting the beginnings of
scientific medicine to Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived in the 5th
century B.C. He was given the distinction
as being the “Father of Medicine.” Physicians all over the world take the semi-sacred Hippocratic Oath upon
completion of their medical studies. Although Hippocrates has exercised an immense influence on medicine for
nearly 25 centuries, he never gave himself the title of “Father of Medicine.” Additionally, it is very evident that
Hippocrates and his students drew heavily upon the theories and practices of
ancient Egyptian medicine (6). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Researchers
have discovered that the Edwin Smith Papyrus is the oldest medical manuscript
in existence.The papyrus was published
in 1930 by James H. Breasted. He spent ten years translating the document. It is believed to have been written by Imhotep,
a descendant of a distinguished architect named Kanofer and who was recognized
as the “Egyptian God of Medicine” (7). Although written during the 18th dynasty
of ancient Kemet, this manuscript is actually a late copy of an original first
produced early in the Old Kingdom sometime between 4400-4200 B.C. (8) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">In
ancient Kemet, the first anatomical descriptions appeared in a systematic way
in the Edwin Smith Papyrus. More than 200
different anatomical parts have been described in the manuscript. Also, forty-eight different injuries to the
head, face, neck, thorax and spinal column and the appropriate surgical methods
for attending to them were also described in this papyrus. Other medical
information related to dermatology, dentistry, gynecology, tumors,
cardiovascular system, obstetrics, and many more were found in the Ebers Papyrus,
which was written around 1500 B.C. From these extensive medical transcripts of
ancient Kemet, Europeans were able to grasp vital knowledge of the field of
medicine.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>Conclusion</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
descendants of Africans in America endured many years of physical, inhumane bondage
known as chattel slavery, the worst kind of slavery that ever existed. However, a new form of bondage permeates
throughout our society. Mental slavery
has been implemented by the deliberate withholding of African history and the
rewriting of history by people of European descent to justify their
self-proclaimed superiority. Also,
mental slavery thrives because of an ignorance of the correct history of this
world that is not being taught in our schools. It is of dire importance that the truth is told and passed down to the
next generations. <b>Our history did <u>NOT</u>
begin with slavery!</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><u>Sources</u><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ivan Van Sertima (Ed.),
<i>Egypt, Child of Africa</i> (New
Brunswick: Transaction Publishers,
1995), 262.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Antoinette T. Jackson, <i>Why Kemet? A Cultural Awakening, An
African-Centered Journey into Ancient Egypt, </i>(Oak Park, IL: Seshat, 1998), 24.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Anthony T. Browder, <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Valley-Contributions-Civilization-Exploding-Myths/dp/092494403X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1469305495&sr=1-1">Nile
Valley Contributions to Civilization</a></i>, (Washington, D.C.: The Institute of Karmic Guidance, 1992), 75.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(4)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">C.A. Coulson and T.J.M.
Boyd, <i>Electricity</i>, 2nd ed.
(London: Longman, 1979), 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(5)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sertima (Ed.), <i>Egypt, Child of Africa</i>, 325-326.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(6)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Ivan Van Sertima, <i>Egypt Revisited</i> (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1993), 325.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(7)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Jamieson B. Hurry,
M.A., M.D., <i>Imhotep, The Egyptian God of
Medicine</i> (Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1987), 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(8)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sertima, <i>Egypt Revisited</i>, 329.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Read
<b><a href="http://atlantablackstar.com/2015/06/12/9-engineering-feats-pulled-off-by-the-ancient-egyptians-that-would-be-nearly-impossible-for-modern-engineers-to-duplicate-today/">9
Engineering Feats Pulled Off by the Ancient Egyptians That Would Be Nearly
Impossible for Modern Engineers to Duplicate Today</a>.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-21778344227349536082016-06-18T00:26:00.000-04:002016-06-18T09:24:45.572-04:00Resurrecting My Grandfather<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi41180X3S4czS-sLFt3uS7gnPZd3jkRCgqIso_c7fX1xwxBQr4npRDvm2nnStIKmZfrTmtuvenvzpWDJ7ngg3AEX8IKAZD5oqIK4zk52osrkxyU1Ase8WPpIXWVEtQv0OyI9UYD3tlH64/s1600/Simpson+Reed+Pedigree.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi41180X3S4czS-sLFt3uS7gnPZd3jkRCgqIso_c7fX1xwxBQr4npRDvm2nnStIKmZfrTmtuvenvzpWDJ7ngg3AEX8IKAZD5oqIK4zk52osrkxyU1Ase8WPpIXWVEtQv0OyI9UYD3tlH64/s1600/Simpson+Reed+Pedigree.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Simpson Reed</span></b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, my mother’s
father, died years before I was born. If he had been alive when I was born, he
would have been in his 90s. He was born just over 15 years after slavery in
Tate County, Mississippi. My mother, aunt, and uncles adored him. Mom once
stated, “If a man is even half the man my father was, he'll still be a great
man.” Grandpa Simpson was 43 years old when he married his first wife, Addie
Person. They had three children, with only their oldest surviving. Addie died
in childbirth. Several years later, he married my much younger grandmother,
Minnie Lee Davis. He was 55, and she was 27. Five additional children were
born, including my mother. Unfortunately, the only picture the family had of
him got lost before I was born. The best I can do is display this picture of three
of his 10 siblings, his oldest brother, <b>Jimmy
Reed (1872-1959)</b>, his sister, <b>John
Ella Reed Bobo (1882-1974)</b>, and his youngest brother, <b>Pleasant “Pleas” Reed (1888-1966)</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguVSVdgLkpts9JCJ4JWtv1Qs0e7PF_r3N_bkWdd1m27DmmTiq7bOcm5dLjid25vQFJJdpwGhUQtd0q9PZhmkK8WBDbuKMI1fhoyJ99aI9Fs46M3RMuPP66AAQSDnZTrEYp8lu6CFJ6gmY/s1600/Reed%252C+Jimmy%252C+Johnella%252C+Pleas_edited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguVSVdgLkpts9JCJ4JWtv1Qs0e7PF_r3N_bkWdd1m27DmmTiq7bOcm5dLjid25vQFJJdpwGhUQtd0q9PZhmkK8WBDbuKMI1fhoyJ99aI9Fs46M3RMuPP66AAQSDnZTrEYp8lu6CFJ6gmY/s1600/Reed%252C+Jimmy%252C+Johnella%252C+Pleas_edited.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-small;"><b style="text-align: start;">Jimmy Reed (1872-1959)</b><span style="text-align: start;">, </span><b style="text-align: start;">John Ella Reed Bobo (1882-1974)</b><span style="text-align: start;">, & </span><b style="text-align: start;">Pleasant “Pleas” Reed (1888-1966)</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Although
a picture of him cannot be found, I now have something that’s even better – <b>his DNA!</b> I have been able to recreate
73.7% of my grandfather’s genome, sort of like resurrecting him from the grave.
I personally think that this “resurrection” is a great Father’s Day tribute to
him. If someone had told me five years ago that I would be able to do this, I
would have given them a blank stare. How was this “resurrection” possible?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Well,
I certainly didn’t have to drive down to Beulah Baptist Church Cemetery near
Como, Mississippi with a shovel to dig up his grave. I wouldn’t have done that
anyway. I think. However, a cool tool in </span><a href="http://www.gedmatch.com/"><b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">GEDmatch</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, called <b>Lazarus</b>, made this possible. It is
GEDmatch’s Tier 1 tool that allows users to create pseudo-DNA kits. Tier 1
utility tools are only available to people who donate at least $10. <i>(GEDmatch’s creators produced a great and
free DNA utility tool, so I happily donated.)</i> These pseudo-DNA kits can be
surrogates for a deceased ancestor. Lazarus was added to GEDmatch in 2014, and
I finally decided to explore it. How does it work?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5vIhthb2B8wHCoacgEH8fMc6w08FfxYjRXJHq20bJCGJk3g4HwxTlZPiMY_7qAncsC_708o2dov7yCZEYu2mkpiujjAu7Wwey2SYpG35yE12rbC6uD5MTLOR1asZlXiolfu4TMFLd-rI/s1600/Lazarus0.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5vIhthb2B8wHCoacgEH8fMc6w08FfxYjRXJHq20bJCGJk3g4HwxTlZPiMY_7qAncsC_708o2dov7yCZEYu2mkpiujjAu7Wwey2SYpG35yE12rbC6uD5MTLOR1asZlXiolfu4TMFLd-rI/s1600/Lazarus0.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Lazarus
creates a pseudo-DNA kit by comparing and identifying DNA shared between the
people in Group 1 and the people in Group 2. Up to 10 people can be in Group 1,
and they <b>must be the target Lazarus
ancestor’s children or grandchildren <u>only</u></b>. It’s not recommended to
place a grandchild, who is a child of one of the children being used, in Group
1. Why? Any DNA that he/she could contribute is already in the parent’s DNA. Up
to 100 people can be in Group 2. They must be r<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="CurrentCursorPosition"></a>elatives
of the target Lazarus ancestor who are <b><u>not</u></b>
direct descendants. This includes siblings, nieces, nephews, cousins, etc. Never
place children, grandchildren, or great-grandchildren in Group 2. This
“resurrection” was done in just three steps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Step 1: I kept the
default threshold settings at 700 SNPs and 6 cM.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Step 2: I entered
the kit numbers for my mother, aunt, and uncle in Group 1.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Since my grandfather is the target Lazarus
ancestor, my Group 1 contained three of his children, my mother, her brother,
and her sister. A parent gives half of his DNA to each child randomly. However,
each child doesn’t inherit all of the same DNA from that parent. Different
children will have some of the same DNA from a parent, as well as some
different DNA from that parent that his/her other sibling(s) didn’t inherit. My
aunt inherited DNA from my grandfather that my mother didn’t inherit. My mother
inherited DNA from her father that my uncle didn’t inherit. You get the
picture? Therefore, because three of his children were in Group 1, more of my
grandfather’s DNA was identified. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsnvelgAkYrIT22hLu0pgwwk_H21r-ku6CMz6H55WrpmeZCZvdU2VYlhR-ITTZ2TJnZDprG9mGkbgOwlCjNFrMcDjW7Jhsj0dMBkcDO2Wx27bHPCPUPQa2pYibDtzDJkZe-UvXM7CqnXA/s1600/Lazarus1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsnvelgAkYrIT22hLu0pgwwk_H21r-ku6CMz6H55WrpmeZCZvdU2VYlhR-ITTZ2TJnZDprG9mGkbgOwlCjNFrMcDjW7Jhsj0dMBkcDO2Wx27bHPCPUPQa2pYibDtzDJkZe-UvXM7CqnXA/s1600/Lazarus1.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Step 3: I entered
the kit numbers of 15 family members in Group 2.</span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: .3in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">These family members included my
grandfather’s niece (one of Uncle Pleas Reed’s daughters), his oldest brother
Jimmy Reed’s great-grandson, and 13 of his paternal and maternal cousins. These
cousins range from first cousins twice removed to third cousins once removed. That’s
one of the advantages of testing multiple family members and having their raw
data in GEDmatch. If a spouse of the target Lazarus ancestor is living and is
in GEDmatch, you can also place them in the optional SPOUSE field. The Lazarus
program will extract out that spouse’s DNA from Group 1. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsfY57RMM0b1JfJDWVGN7952aL-4qIUtxR_uKfhtdoLqTPllG6K5DxQqbyBX0i4kkmhnNVqgjhi29NjmvggtxirVmAFrnIXp42QbWirgiZdGP1tG8Z0dwoBuhfWh3xOJVIj1X-X9bgELU/s1600/Lazarus3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsfY57RMM0b1JfJDWVGN7952aL-4qIUtxR_uKfhtdoLqTPllG6K5DxQqbyBX0i4kkmhnNVqgjhi29NjmvggtxirVmAFrnIXp42QbWirgiZdGP1tG8Z0dwoBuhfWh3xOJVIj1X-X9bgELU/s1600/Lazarus3.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">After
you click “GENERATE,” Lazarus will perform its magic! When a kit is processed,
the results page will contain three charts. The first chart (Contributions)
will show every matching segment between the people in Group 1 and the people
in Group 2. The second chart (Resulting Segments) will be an accumulation of
all of the segments that were used to create the new pseudo-DNA kit. The end of
this chart will show the total number of cMs that were generated. See below. The
final chart will show the original kits with the utilized segments.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKD6EZifWlx5FV5p8-WVV8TAjrxOrfurLXn9NybVO_42mHTYk3owhrBDkSpwTyGaEt1OkqAjrU69ASrFLE9pcq7gw4_7DJOhH9X3y-7CTGBYTowRnzJx8RgTkTOM6fiZlIph5M9ReWzEE/s1600/Lazarus2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKD6EZifWlx5FV5p8-WVV8TAjrxOrfurLXn9NybVO_42mHTYk3owhrBDkSpwTyGaEt1OkqAjrU69ASrFLE9pcq7gw4_7DJOhH9X3y-7CTGBYTowRnzJx8RgTkTOM6fiZlIph5M9ReWzEE/s1600/Lazarus2.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">If
at least 1,500 cM (centiMorgans) of DNA are not extracted from the groups,
Lazarus will not produce a pseudo-DNA kit. Adding additional children or
grandchildren in Group 1 and/or more relatives of the target Lazarus ancestor in
Group 2 can increase the number of generated cMs. To my pleasure, <b>2,726 cM</b> of my grandfather’s genome were extracted. A person’s full genome contains 3,700 cM. Therefore, my 18 family
members yielded 73.7% of my grandfather’s DNA. Cool, huh?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Now,
I have a new DNA kit in GEDmatch, as if I had collected my grandfather’s
saliva, sent it to an autosomal DNA company such as 23andMe, AncestryDNA, or
Family Tree DNA, and uploaded his raw data file to GEDmatch. Well, almost. But
73.7% of his DNA is a significant amount to work with, right? If you match kit no. </span><b style="font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">LL802351</b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, then you are related via my maternal Granddaddy! </span></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-72269060345559387222016-06-01T17:11:00.000-04:002016-06-02T07:40:48.668-04:00A Special Homecoming Birthed by DNA<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyaNC_74urIRTS6XRw0WA0Cfq6eELXyHKHVDDzyYLvdhcci-wX6pjxc82M0xaGcoZGMsorfDi4-_lkvLiavapSx1LmuuseS_y-qxOVOXvR0R83ydzy1pYCnReYzFlPpjj600fmm6I_Dzo/s1600/Homecoming+at+Church.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyaNC_74urIRTS6XRw0WA0Cfq6eELXyHKHVDDzyYLvdhcci-wX6pjxc82M0xaGcoZGMsorfDi4-_lkvLiavapSx1LmuuseS_y-qxOVOXvR0R83ydzy1pYCnReYzFlPpjj600fmm6I_Dzo/s1600/Homecoming+at+Church.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Peter Edwards’ Descendants Come Back “Home”
to Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Front row (L to R): Verena Thomas-Hooks, Myra Bryant, Donna
Edwards<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Back row: James Johnson, Harriet Edwards, Brian
Edwards (aka Keith), and Pastor Lee Edwards<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">(Picture by Verena Thomas-Hooks)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">DNA
was the catalyst to a very special homecoming on this past Memorial Day weekend
in northern Mississippi. On June 25, 2015, a new and close DNA match appeared
in my GEDmatch accounts. Dr. Kemberly Edwards matches my mother, her sister,
her brother, and their father’s niece, Cousin Armintha, sharing the most with
my uncle at 87 cM. Kemberly also tested her father and uploaded his raw data
file to GEDmatch. He shares 138 cM of DNA with my uncle, 108 cM with my aunt, 73 cM with my mother, and 64 cM with Cousin Armintha. That’s considered a significant amount of DNA in
genetic genealogy. The Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) is genealogically discoverable
and within four generations. Another Edwards from Canada had already been among
their matches in 23andMe, and I had been wondering, “Who in the world went way
up north to Canada?” I was clueless. Additional Edwards subsequently tested
their autosomal DNA, with all sharing significant amounts of DNA with the Reed
Family. Brian Edwards, the president of their National Edwards Family Reunion Board,
even shares 181 cM of DNA with my mother. The predicted relationship in 23andMe
was “second cousins.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">These
DNA matches, along with oral history clues that had been there all along, led
me to definitively unearth the father of my mother’s paternal grandmother,
Sarah Partee Reed (1852-1923). For 23 years, I had assumed that Grandma Sarah’s
father was someone who had also been enslaved on Squire Boone Partee’s
plantation in Panola County, Mississippi, with her mother, Polly Partee, who
was the head cook during and after slavery. My assumption was wrong as two left
shoes! Grandma Sarah’s father was a man named <b>Prince Edwards</b>, born c. 1830. He was also the father of her brother,
Square Partee Sr. (1858-1904). Utilizing DNA triangulation, I discovered that the same Edwards
DNA matches also closely match three of Uncle Square Partee’s descendants on
overlapping chromosome segments. A subsequent 67-marker Y-DNA test from FTDNA also
verified the paternity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Grandpa
Prince Edwards had been enslaved nearby on William Edwards’ plantation with his
parents and siblings. One of those siblings was a younger brother named <b>Peter Edwards</b>, born c. 1835. The new DNA
matches were all descendants of Peter Edwards. My contact with Kemberly
revealed a very large family branch in Oklahoma, begotten by Uncle Peter. I had
no idea that they even existed, prior to the DNA discovery. Discovering Grandpa
Prince and learning about this family branch transpired at the same time,
leaving me speechless. Uncle Peter's descendants had heard that Panola County was
where their family roots originated. It was a fact documented in their family reunion
books. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Uncle
Peter Edwards, his wife Catherine, and his 12 children left the Como area and
moved to near Sledge, Mississippi sometime before 1900. Taking advantage of
land ownership opportunities, his children started their exodus to the West,
migrating to Wewoka, Oklahoma around 1908, after the territory gained statehood
in 1907. They never returned to Mississippi. A grandson, Jefferson Edwards, even
migrated to Alberta, Canada in 1910, where many descendants reside today. As
one of the pioneers of Amber Valley, he is noted in </span><a href="http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/the-black-people-in-the-middle-of-nowhere-the-lost-community-of-amber-valley-ab"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Black Canadian History</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">. His son Elmer and
Elmer’s daughter are the Canadian DNA matches in our 23andMe accounts, with
Elmer sharing 89 cM of DNA with my aunt. Descendants of Uncle Peter Edwards
from Oklahoma City, Dallas, and Bakersfield, California decided that it was
time to visit "home," after over 108 years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
homecoming began with a Welcome Ceremony at the Jessie J. Edwards Coldwater
Public Library on Saturday morning, in Coldwater, Mississippi. The former Mayor
Dr. Jessie J. Edwards formally welcomed them back home – cousins he never knew
about, too. Dr. Edwards is also a great great grandson of Grandpa Prince Edwards.
Other descendants from Mississippi, Memphis, and Kansas City, Missouri also
welcomed our new-found cousins back home. This group picture was taken at the
library.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Family group picture at the Jessie Edwards Public
Library in Coldwater, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">After
the welcome, we visited Fredonia Church, to view history beyond the
genealogical paper. Fredonia was added to the National Register of Historic
Places in 1978. We viewed the grave of William Edwards, who died in 1855. After
his death, his son Dr. William Edwards Jr. inherited the plantation and 33
enslaved people, including Grandpa Prince and Uncle Peter. We also saw the
grave of Squire B. Partee, who died during the Civil War, in 1864. We reflected
on what it must have been like for our ancestors to be enslaved in a land that
regarded them as property and subhuman. We felt their spirit during the
homecoming. We now stand on their shoulders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Established
in 1836, Fredonia is considered to be the oldest church in Panola County. It is
located six miles east of Como. A number of slave-owners in the area attended
this church. A slave gallery extends along the east wall of the church. We saw
it through the windows. The local librarian had volunteered to retrieve the key and give us a tour
inside of the locked historic church, but her unexpected, uninformed absence certainly did
not dampen the energy, spirit, and purpose of this great homecoming. Our enslaved
ancestors likely dug most or all of the graves there, over 150 years ago. This
is a picture we took after William Edwards’ grave was located. It had broken over time and was laying flat on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAAwmPcuLmzAJ-IrCS1SUOw-2Z5Z_quUuIoqUitlTina13iWZ6m6JZIwson2M6dWIBWbksoCL2p33pVM2HG8iJALPlSMlZQ9Fk3WG2idJrOKoAJrNWKCLnwBWwJUAgLL0wryjnSdlS6dw/s1600/Homecoming+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAAwmPcuLmzAJ-IrCS1SUOw-2Z5Z_quUuIoqUitlTina13iWZ6m6JZIwson2M6dWIBWbksoCL2p33pVM2HG8iJALPlSMlZQ9Fk3WG2idJrOKoAJrNWKCLnwBWwJUAgLL0wryjnSdlS6dw/s1600/Homecoming+2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Family group picture at Fredonia Church near
Como, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXykSoFhWI4BMXWI6U4SPE9xIcr9h_IYMAM0KJCGzWOiIAxqX9YlTBhmX0jFu5HlhfWkKxy22tdpQirjETU-k3_Ho4UytWWDHQ7mhLOjr8b52M2wrTnQEPDc_YHsjjJKnUJrUioNiATw/s1600/Homecoming+4_edited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcXykSoFhWI4BMXWI6U4SPE9xIcr9h_IYMAM0KJCGzWOiIAxqX9YlTBhmX0jFu5HlhfWkKxy22tdpQirjETU-k3_Ho4UytWWDHQ7mhLOjr8b52M2wrTnQEPDc_YHsjjJKnUJrUioNiATw/s1600/Homecoming+4_edited.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">We
also stood on the land where William Edwards’ plantation was located. A cooling
cloud with a nice cool breeze hovered over us as we read a litany and poured
libation on the land to commemorate our ancestors. Luke (aka Ogbar Agumba) and
Lucy, the parents of Peter, Prince and more, were likely buried somewhere on
that land. Flowers were placed on the property. Based on William’s 1850 will,
he left 320 acres of that property to his wife Margaret, which was to be
inherited by their son after her death. The exact coordinates (range, township,
& section) of the property were recorded in his will. Great great grandson,
James Johnson of Oklahoma City, wrote this poignant note on social media, “From
the toils and heartaches of our ancestors working this land, we exist and
prosper today, from coast to coast and from Canada, through the big state of
Texas.” This group picture was taken on that land.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd96QkjceAa7DxiJh7pVCs18OaX-5MiLgg_0uVSutVQ8lnbRDSmg2nA2cZROLUp7JoQ107YcAPtBMUtG6GUB32rSVjjU40K_7C8ZUDLEYoxWLpLGL7eG7vIIBymnwmw3xjfu12OApkNx0/s1600/Homecoming+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd96QkjceAa7DxiJh7pVCs18OaX-5MiLgg_0uVSutVQ8lnbRDSmg2nA2cZROLUp7JoQ107YcAPtBMUtG6GUB32rSVjjU40K_7C8ZUDLEYoxWLpLGL7eG7vIIBymnwmw3xjfu12OApkNx0/s1600/Homecoming+5.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Family group picture on the land where
William Edwards’ plantation was located near Como, Mississippi. We suspect that the "big house" was located on top of the hill behind us.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">After
the libation ceremony, we toured the small towns of Como, Crenshaw, and Sledge,
retracing the steps of Peter Edwards. Afterwards, the descendants of Bill &
Sarah Reed sponsored a Soul Food dinner for our newfound Edwards cousins in
Horn Lake, Mississippi. We ate, laughed, talked about our respective histories,
and made plans for the future. Dr. Leroy Frazier, a descendant of Grandpa Prince
Edwards, even encouraged the family to consider going full circle, back to
Ghana, West Africa in the future. For more info about the DNA discovery of our
Ghana roots, read my blog post, </span><a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2016/03/trekking-edwards-trail-back-to-ghana.html"><b><i><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Trekking the Edwards
DNA Trail Back to Ghana</span></i></b></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">. Then, on Sunday, we worshiped at the Simon
Chapel Baptist Church near Como, where many other Edwards family members, who
remained in Mississippi, were laid to rest. Uncle Peter’s great grandson,
Pastor Lee Edwards of Dallas, Texas, delivered a powerful, encouraging message.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Although
we believe Uncle Peter died in Mississippi before 1910, his family grew by
leaps and bounds out in Oklahoma and California. He now has over 2,000
descendants in the United States and Canada. The family boasts a number of notables,
such as Dr. Lee Patrick Brown, the first African American mayor of Houston,
Texas (1998-2004), who is a great grandson. He was also the first African
American commissioner of police for Atlanta, Georgia, during the infamous
Atlanta Child Murders, and he also became the first African American Police
Commissioner of New York City, leading the largest police department in the
nation. A grandson, the late Walter James Edwards, became the first Black
millionaire in Oklahoma City during the 1940s, owning a number of businesses,
including a hospital, a real estate company, and other businesses. He was
featured in an Oklahoma City television news special during this past Black History
Month. See </span><a href="http://kfor.com/2016/02/29/legacy-unveiled-the-rags-to-riches-story-of-the-millionaire-junkman/"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">this link</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">. We never knew that they are our cousins until
the DNA discovery! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">This
will certainly be a homecoming that we will never forget. Verena Thomas-Hooks
of Oklahoma City, a great great granddaughter, wrote the following on social
media, “The end of a most memorable weekend and the beginning of lasting
relationships, meeting new cousins.” Uncle Peter’s great grandson, Brian
Edwards, also wrote, “I can't tell you how much it meant to us to be able to retrace
the steps of our ancestors in that region. We will share all of our experiences
on our next National Family Reunion board conference call.” This homecoming
happened because of the wonderful technology of DNA. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Here's a short video
clip during our tour of the grounds of Fredonia Church after discovering
William Edwards’ grave.</span></b></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="300" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/043MCk8QqLs" width="530"></iframe>
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Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-87420925100111311592016-05-17T21:07:00.000-04:002016-05-17T21:30:57.357-04:00Demonstrating the Effectiveness of Cluster Genealogy<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"> </span></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSTEP2eVwlxUjtIfGEEWJDbsy7B-4uXwmrAzX-lYM9t5oGN8vL6tswnvnFNKcvYFnclNKKxzhF-Wn13uBi_xDGzhY4a4lb_j6tdyxJFS-gOJQYQWBi07JBia6bYVG_BhPxqZRxtJHTgs/s1600/Hector+%2526+Lucy+Davis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXSTEP2eVwlxUjtIfGEEWJDbsy7B-4uXwmrAzX-lYM9t5oGN8vL6tswnvnFNKcvYFnclNKKxzhF-Wn13uBi_xDGzhY4a4lb_j6tdyxJFS-gOJQYQWBi07JBia6bYVG_BhPxqZRxtJHTgs/s1600/Hector+%2526+Lucy+Davis.jpg" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Hector Davis (1842-1925) & Lucy Milam Davis (1846-1927)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">In
genealogy research, cluster genealogy is a technique that has proven to yield
great results. This technique involves researching beyond your core family or
your direct ancestors. Cluster genealogy entails researching the community
where they resided, especially their immediate neighbors. This is also known as
researching an ancestor’s F.A.N. Club. F.A.N. stands for <b>F</b>riends, <b>A</b>ssociates, and
<b>N</b>eighbors. This methodology has
helped me tremendously throughout my research. I will demonstrate one of my
cluster genealogy cases that involved my great great grandparents, Hector &
Lucy Davis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Let’s
take a look at the 1910 Panola County, Mississippi census page (transcribed
below) that contained Grandpa Hector and Grandma Lucy. Immediately, you will
notice that they were not the only folks with the Davis surname on that page.
Notice that their next-door neighbor was a Johnson family, headed by Wesley
Johnson. Like Grandpa Hector, his birthplace was also recorded as being South
Carolina. Also, the elderly Mitchells, who are white, lived in the vicinity
among all of the Davises, in household no. 12. Like Grandpa Hector and Wesley,
Mrs. Martha Mitchell was also born in South Carolina. The following table below
shows household nos. 12 to 23 and the connection to my great great
grandparents. I have called this area <b>“Davis
Village,” </b>which comprised of 56 members of my maternal grandmother’s family
when the census-taker visited the area on April 15, 1910. She was a small child
at the time. Other family members lived nearby on a different road.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background: black; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="background: black; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;">Household<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;">Relationship<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;">Age<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: text1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-themecolor: background1;">My Comment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mitchell, Clint W.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">64<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Martha A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">73<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">She was born in So. Carolina.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, Hugh<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector’s nephew &
Lucy’s nephew<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Francis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Bertha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Alice<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Ada<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, John<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">39<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My great grandfather</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Mary<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
John W.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Ollie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Jesse<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
James<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
May Ella<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Fred<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Pearl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Rainey<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
<b><i>Minnie</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My grandmother</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, John Anna<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">21<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector’s niece &
Lucy’s niece<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Lilian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cousin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">16<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, Shep<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">27<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector’s nephew &
Lucy’s nephew<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Mittie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Orna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Homer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">
“ Shirley<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Lucille<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">1 mth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">17<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, Sam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">37<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector & Lucy
Davis’ son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Texana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">18<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, Tom<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector & Lucy
Davis’ son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Henrietta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Lucious<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">6 mos<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Partee,
Minnie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sister-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Druella<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sister-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Edna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sister-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Square<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Brother-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">19<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, Zack<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">26<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector & Lucy
Davis’ son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Lizzie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Leroy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Luberta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><i>(white
Cook Family)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">21<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Davis, Hector<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">68<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My great great grandparents</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Lucy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">64<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Alex<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Sam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Grandson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Edwards,
Ben<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Grandson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">22<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Johnson, Whesley<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">56<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Hector’s first cousin
born in So. Carolina<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Evaline<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">55<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Fannie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Mack<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Eugenia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Evaline<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Granddaughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Mary J.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Granddaughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">23<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Burton, John<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Head<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">36<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Evaline<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Wife<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cousin Wesley
Johnson’s daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Bertha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Hattie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Daughter<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
John W.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
McClinton<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.25pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> “
Oscar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 78.1pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Son<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 38.9pt;" valign="top" width="52"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 215.75pt;" valign="top" width="288"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Source: <b>Portion of 1910
U.S. Census</b>, Beat 1, Panola County, Mississippi. Line 37-100. Year: 1910;
Census Place: Beat 1, Panola, Mississippi; Roll: T624_755; Family History Film:
1374768; Page: 2A; Enumeration District: 0054. Source: Ancestry.Com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Wesley
Johnson and Grandpa Hector Davis were first cousins. I’ll first discuss how I
found out about this connection. Back in 1993, when I started actively
researching at the Mississippi Department of Archives and History (MDAH), I
found my great grandparents’ marriage record. My maternal grandmother’s
parents, John Hector Davis and Mary Danner, had married on January 7, 1892, in
Panola County, Mississippi. I noticed that a man named Wesley Johnson was
Grandpa John’s bondsman. John Davis and Wesley Johnson went to the Panola
County courthouse, and Grandpa John took out a bond, indicating his intention
to marry Grandma Mary and that the pending marriage was legal. Wesley Johnson
signed his mark as Grandpa John’s security on the bond. During this time, I
learned that bondsmen were often family members. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVibmH9XZe0_Q0POgssbfm0RtV_hH2b5ie9R8CJS2S-_xoRUGBpxEsYjHsviWtbfO5_uqAIJuNffyAILwtQZu0keL5Jh6tCEBWnN8APgJD44RnLALcfP_sEtd_wAnlYjjTjeI9aXEIr0/s1600/John+Mary+Davis+Marriage+Record.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVibmH9XZe0_Q0POgssbfm0RtV_hH2b5ie9R8CJS2S-_xoRUGBpxEsYjHsviWtbfO5_uqAIJuNffyAILwtQZu0keL5Jh6tCEBWnN8APgJD44RnLALcfP_sEtd_wAnlYjjTjeI9aXEIr0/s1600/John+Mary+Davis+Marriage+Record.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">The marriage record of John Davis and Mary Danner, Jan. 7,
1892, Panola County, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">When
I saw the name Wesley Johnson, I suddenly remembered that I had seen that name before. Then, I remembered that Wesley was a next-door neighbor to
Grandpa John’s parents, Hector & Lucy Davis, in the 1910 U.S. Census. So I
picked up the phone and called my late grandmother’s first cousin, the late
Cousin Sammie Lee Davis Hayes. She was in her 80s and was very knowledgeable
about the family history. She also enjoyed talking about it. Cousin Sammie Lee
revealed to me that Wesley Johnson, whom she called Cut'n Wesley <i>(Cut’n as a southern slang for Cousin)</i>,
was a first cousin to my great great grandfather, Hector Davis. She conveyed the
following, “<i>Cut’n Wesley and Grandpa Hector
were very close, just like brothers, but they were first cousins. He came with
them from South Carolina. I don’t know how they come to be first cousins.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">I
was soon able to figure out that the last enslavers of Grandpa Hector Davis,
his parents, Jack & Flora Davis, his siblings, and other family members,
including Cousin Wesley Johnson, were a couple named John & Anna Johnson Burnett.
<a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2012/04/aint-gonna-take-massas-name.html">“Ain’t
Gonna Take Massa’s Name”</a> is my 2012 blog post that outlines that discovery.
The Burnetts had transported them to Panola County, Mississippi around 1860/61,
when he and his family decided to leave Abbeville County, South Carolina. They had
resided in an area that was halfway between Abbeville and Greenwood, South
Carolina. John died shortly thereafter, in 1863, and Grandpa Hector, his
parents, his siblings, Cousin Wesley, and others were appraised on the slave
inventory of his estate (shown in the aforementioned blog post). One of his
children was Martha Burnett. She married a man named Clinton Mitchell. They were
the same Mitchells who lived among my Davis ancestors in 1910, approximately 45
years after slavery. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Family
elders also shared with me that Grandpa Hector Davis owned his own land. My
cousin recalled that he had around 80 acres. They were accurate! Column 26 of
the 1910 U.S. Census recorded if the head of household owned (O) or rented (R) his
home. “O” was recorded for Grandpa Hector! “O” was also recorded for Clinton
Mitchell. “R” was recorded for the rest in “Davis Village.” Although I haven’t
found a land record yet, I highly suspect that Grandpa Hector may have been
able to purchase a piece of the Burnetts’ land, where he labored during slavery
shortly after being transported to northern Mississippi from South Carolina. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Below
is a map pointing to the area where they lived in 1910, based on accounts from
family elders. One of those family elders was another one of my grandmother’s
first cousins, the late William Davis, who lived in the vicinity when I first
visited him in 1993, shortly after those first trips to the MDAH. A descendant
of John Burnett had also shared with me that John Burnett’s farm was located on
the Tate-Panola County line but on the Tate County side. I realized that this
was in the same area where “Davis Village” was located in 1910, but on the
other side of the road in Panola County. Also, notice that the name of the road
is Mitchell Road, likely named after Clinton & Martha Burnett
Mitchell. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Panola County, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Performing
cluster genealogy enabled me to learn these important tidbits about Grandpa
Hector Davis’ history. That 1910 census page alone tells a story. Grandpa
Hector died fifteen years later, on July 7, 1925. Family elders shared that his
mule named Jenny had kicked him in the head, and he died instantly. He was
approximately 83 years old. Indeed, his death certificate (below) verified the
cause of death. My great grandfather, John Hector Davis, was the informant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyyIRheohSxcplTzM7082-lx1UY1dbn2tjAlOqLmljL5QUieuiGKcMgRTlErNXZG_5nSZhJcJeb2WZGffeKFPOSW4uXC-3-cUBeuYevxxjjBT1FUNR0gqadksF4nyylQMCoaN-hP8g0UE/s1600/Hector+Davis+Death+Certificate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyyIRheohSxcplTzM7082-lx1UY1dbn2tjAlOqLmljL5QUieuiGKcMgRTlErNXZG_5nSZhJcJeb2WZGffeKFPOSW4uXC-3-cUBeuYevxxjjBT1FUNR0gqadksF4nyylQMCoaN-hP8g0UE/s1600/Hector+Davis+Death+Certificate.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Grandpa Hector Davis’ death certificate: The cause of death
was noted as “Kicked by mule in head; died with concussion of the brain.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-69455207361208429622016-04-10T23:18:00.000-04:002016-04-11T16:10:10.555-04:00Losing a Sibling<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVA1yhMgFRXZjU1b0zQSTMPEK4bWzQzqRohe83L_gW14ESrzlUO4twGXhHEgThaUADKKANm7tn-DbAWL-GLIvjnVwDTqpLR7iXtm7t36w-65f723TyR3tDiruswkWLfuf1M5B5pR4xtS8/s1600/ReedsonHomePlace2_blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVA1yhMgFRXZjU1b0zQSTMPEK4bWzQzqRohe83L_gW14ESrzlUO4twGXhHEgThaUADKKANm7tn-DbAWL-GLIvjnVwDTqpLR7iXtm7t36w-65f723TyR3tDiruswkWLfuf1M5B5pR4xtS8/s1600/ReedsonHomePlace2_blog.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">There
on the Barr farm, just a mile north of Abbeville, South Carolina, Sue and her
brothers, Pleasant and Glasgow, labored together, laughed together, played
together, prayed together, and always looked out for each other. When Sue was
allowed to come back to the slave cabin at night, after working all day in the
big house, she couldn't wait to tell her brothers and their parents, Lewis and
Fanny, what the "white folks" talk about. She was good at mimicking
them, that it usually had everyone rolling on the floor laughing out loud.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Glasgow
and Pleasant looked after their only sister Sue. When a white-looking, mulatto young
man named Jacob, who was enslaved on the neighboring Leslie Plantation, wanted
her hand in marriage, he had to go through her brothers first. Glasgow and
Pleasant didn't make it easy for Jacob, either. Pleasant would often taunt him
jokingly, often making Jacob nervous. Nonetheless, the brothers soon realized
that Jacob was deeply in love with their beautiful sister, and they approved of
the marriage. They felt that their late father Lewis would have approved. With
every child that Sue was having <i>(Sina, John,
Luther, Edmond, Cannon, Louvenia, Clay, Jacob Jr., Lewis, Joseph, Patsy, and Susie)</i>,
Glasgow and Pleasant waited with nervous Jacob as Momma Fanny delivered another
grandchild into the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
the midst of bearing and raising children and being a wife to Jacob, Sue was
Mrs. Rebecca's prized possession, her trusted house servant. One night in 1859,
after a long day of helping Ms. Rebecca polish the silver, Sue ran back to her
mother's cabin in tears. Her heart was torn apart. Crying uncontrollably, she
was barely able to talk, but she managed these words, “They gonna sell Pleas!” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">She
had overheard her "massa" William Barr Jr. tell his mother Rebecca
that a man named James Giles offered him $1,400 for his slave, Pleasant, her
brother. Giles was preparing for a move to Ripley, Mississippi and wanted extra
laborious hands to help him build his new farm in Mississippi. William was
planning to take his offer. He explained to his mother, “Mom, I really need the
money to help me buy the Wilson place in Pontotoc County (Mississippi).”
William Jr. was also looking to move to Mississippi. Rebecca nodded her head in
approval of the transaction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
next morning, Momma Fanny received a knock on her cabin door. William Jr. shouted,
“Fanny, open the door!” She nervously went to the door and opened it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Where’s
Pleas,” asked William Jr. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fanny
responded, “He and Isabella is out in the barn milking the cows, massa.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Babysitting
her grandson Bill, he looked up at Momma Fanny and asked, “Grandma, what does
Massa want with Daddy?” She immediately grabs Bill and hugs him tightly, too
hurt to tell him what was about to happen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Entering
the barn, William Jr. hollered out, “Pleas, come here boy!” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pleas
responded, “Please, massa, Please! Don’t sell me to Mr. Giles. I has a wife and
two young chil’ren. Isabella, Bill, and Mary needs me! My sister needs me!
Momma Fanny is getting up in age, and she needs me, massa! This is gonna break
their hearts!” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">William
commanded, “Shut up, boy! Jim Giles just need to take care of some business in
Mississippi and needs your help. He will bring you back to Abbeville!” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pleas
appeared somewhat comforted by his words, not realizing that William had just
told him a bold-faced lie.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
Pleas was being placed on Giles’ wagon, Fanny, Isabella, and Sue run to the
wagon! Fanny yelled, “Nooooo!! Please don’t take my Pleas! Please, massa! His
young family needs him!” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fighting
back tears, Sue grabbed her brother Pleas’ hand and held it tightly. With tears
streaming down her face, she looked up at Pleas and said, “Don’t worry my dear
brother. We will see after Momma. I’ll help Isabella with the chil’rens. I will
see you again. Yes, we all will. I love you, dear brother.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">As
the wagon exited off the Barr farm, loud crying can be heard in the air. Momma
Fanny’s heart was too broken, as her crying got louder and louder. Her boy was
being taken way, likely forever. His two young children were standing there, in
complete shock at what was happening, as they held on to their mother Isabella’s
long skirt. She herself was near fainting. This was reminding Fanny of when she
was taken from her own family in Virginia and brought down to Abbeville, South
Carolina in chains, where the late Rev. William Barr had purchased her at an
auction in downtown Abbeville in 1809. She was only 17 years old. She knew the
pain of permanent family separation. She also knew that she’ll never see Pleas
again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Today,
as many celebrate <b>National Siblings Day</b>,
I was compelled to write this fictional story that is based on facts. It wasn’t
even a plan. Just a sudden urge and I started typing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My
great-great-grandfather, Pleasant "Pleas" Barr, was in fact sold to a man named James
Giles in 1859, and Giles transported him to Tippah County, Mississippi. His
son, my mother’s paternal grandfather Bill Reed, relayed to his family years
later that Pleas was never seen again. Later the same year, in 1859, Pleas’ sister
Sue Barr Beckley, her husband Jacob and their children, and their mother Fanny
were taken to William Barr’s new farm in Pontotoc County, Mississippi. Glasgow Barr
was left back in Abbeville. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Like
Pleas, many of our enslaved ancestors were sold away from their siblings, never
to see them again. I can’t even imagine the pain they endured. So on this
National Siblings Day, I want to pay homage to our enslaved ancestors who
suffered that pain. May DNA and genealogy research bring more of the
descendants back together! Factual details of this family saga can be read in
“150 Years Later” at <a href="http://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.150yearslater.com%2F&h=cAQFiqHbX&s=1" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3b5998; text-decoration: none;">www.150yearslater.com</span></a>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5Xr2GUWyqDA2UZuXDIebLLM6Nhpxg8wdjgKkJcc_zyvdYSK-UXvVpyfYfjT4u3U-Oc9BZiO_99A6eCIEzKUysFIgCUehyphenhypheneBBbPv5Lf6-vDEsGIxA9le4c9__wuN3GY-jfRJPRQ2jeZQ/s1600/BeckleyDNAMatch.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ5Xr2GUWyqDA2UZuXDIebLLM6Nhpxg8wdjgKkJcc_zyvdYSK-UXvVpyfYfjT4u3U-Oc9BZiO_99A6eCIEzKUysFIgCUehyphenhypheneBBbPv5Lf6-vDEsGIxA9le4c9__wuN3GY-jfRJPRQ2jeZQ/s1600/BeckleyDNAMatch.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: start;"><b>One of my Barr/Beckley DNA Matches in AncestryDNA! She shares 15.1 cM with me!</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Pictured
above are three of Pleas Barr’s grandchildren that he never laid eyes on, Jimmy
Reed (1871-1959), John Ella Reed Bobo (1882-1974), and his namesake, Pleasant
“Pleas” Reed (1889-1966), of Tate County, Mississippi.</b></span></span></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-67640352062458381482015-10-24T18:29:00.000-04:002018-07-31T16:28:27.729-04:00Trekking the Edwards DNA Trail Back to Madagascar<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAfakWIeIlQDLfYSpeMehyphenhyphennIVfGl4b64-pJQFbGROofPPcT1z6fYamivAAUm7G95cEYtWaKiVyuAyJc3coy_ZEL4dTWvE-bG0pcRNtyBOVVsZHOpxaYc5ENkbvpwehNXuUilIBAJAqZbk/s1600/MadagascarMap.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAfakWIeIlQDLfYSpeMehyphenhyphennIVfGl4b64-pJQFbGROofPPcT1z6fYamivAAUm7G95cEYtWaKiVyuAyJc3coy_ZEL4dTWvE-bG0pcRNtyBOVVsZHOpxaYc5ENkbvpwehNXuUilIBAJAqZbk/s1600/MadagascarMap.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">More
definitive conclusions can be drawn when multiple people from one family take
an autosomal DNA test, such as <a href="http://www.23andme.com/">23andMe</a>, and
chromosome segments can be analyzed, compared, and triangulated. </span><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">When
I received my maternal uncle John Reed's 23andMe results on April 4, 2015, I
immediately looked at his ancestry composition. To my surprise, over 80% of his
X chromosome was of Native American descent. I have since figured out that my
uncle received nearly all of his X-DNA from my great-grandmother, his maternal grandmother, Mary
Danner Davis (1867-1932) of Panola County, Mississippi. I also noticed that his ancestry composition included
<b>0.5% South Asian DNA</b>. At first, I contributed that to him having Native
American ancestry since certain forms of Asian DNA have been linked to Native
Americans. My theory turned out to be inaccurate. I have since discovered that
he inherited his South Asian DNA from his father, my maternal grandfather,
Simpson Reed of Tate County, Mississippi.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My Uncle’s 23andMe Ancestry Composition<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Fast
forward to two months later. In June, I finally identified the father of my grandfather Simpson Reed’s mother, Sarah Partee Reed. She was born into slavery around 1852
on Squire Boone Partee's plantation in Panola County (Como). Significant DNA matches, oral history, and genealogy
research finally pinpointed Prince Edwards (born c. 1830) as being Grandma Sarah's
father. Grandpa Prince had been enslaved by William Edwards Sr., who was Squire Partee's
father-in-law and neighbor. It was common for an enslaved man to have a wife and children on a nearby farm/plantation. Along with that discovery was the DNA confirmation
of a brother of Prince named Peter Edwards (born c. 1835). Nearly all of Uncle Peter's 12 children settled in Oklahoma by 1920. This DNA discovery enticed more of Uncle
Peter's descendants to take the 23andMe test. (Others later took the AncestryDNA test.) Collectively, our DNA results have revealed some interesting things about our family history.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Presently,
four descendants of Uncle Peter Edwards have taken the 23andMe DNA test. Three other descendants of Uncle Peter recently ordered
23andMe kits! My mother and I, her brother and sister, their paternal first
cousin, and three second cousins make up the eight descendants of Grandpa Prince
Edwards who have tested with 23andMe thus far. Comparing our DNA in 23andMe with
the four currently tested descendants of Uncle Peter has revealed that my uncle
inherited that South Asian DNA from his great-grandfather, Prince Edwards. Here's how this was discovered.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Three matching chromosome segments between Uncle Peter’s great-grandson, Brian Edwards, and three of Grandpa Prince’s descendants were on sections where South
Asian DNA exists. In other words, Cousin Brian matches my uncle John Reed on
chromosome 2, from point 209 to 216 Mbp (6.3 cM). This section of their chromosome 2 is South Asian DNA. See diagram below. Cousin Brian matches my mother’s paternal first
cousin Armintha on chromosome 7, from point 3 to 20 Mbp (30.7 cM). South Asian DNA is on this section of their chromosome 7. Also, Cousin Brian
matches my mother and her sister on chromosome 10, from point 122 to 127 Mbp
(11.5 cM). All three of them possess South Asian DNA in this section of their
chromosome 10. This clearly indicates that they all inherited their identical South Asian
DNA from a common ancestor – one of the parents of Prince and Peter. Additionally,
all descendants, except two, had South Asian DNA in their admixture, from 0.1 to 1.8%. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzoaOVdCnV0oLLvyL5zwYYVR9yzPpHDNwT4uMYrdk-Bev8wSX2nRdsvW-pVsPbD8U1LduCzSoNRL3qEFCI1nNizCkQFZZRD-vFV0yUPpKgR6OcjvX6lGM5IdbjgtQ7Hj-VqKKx2KvUeiI/s1600/BrianDNA.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzoaOVdCnV0oLLvyL5zwYYVR9yzPpHDNwT4uMYrdk-Bev8wSX2nRdsvW-pVsPbD8U1LduCzSoNRL3qEFCI1nNizCkQFZZRD-vFV0yUPpKgR6OcjvX6lGM5IdbjgtQ7Hj-VqKKx2KvUeiI/s1600/BrianDNA.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Uncle
Peter Edwards’ great-grandson, Brian Edwards, shares a matching chromosome segment in his
yellow region (South Asian) of Chromosome 2 with my uncle, who is a great-grandson
of Prince Edwards.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">To
be sure of the commonality of having South Asian DNA, I looked at the ancestry compositions
of many of my other 23andMe DNA matches of African descent. A small percentage
of people possess South Asian DNA. Therefore, having this DNA reflected
something. What was it? Did we have an ancestor from India or Pakistan? Or was
this South Asian DNA an indicator of something else? On my father’s side, I had
already become aware that ancestors from Madagascar, an island located 250
miles off the southeastern African coast of Mozambique in the Indian Ocean, may
transfer Southeast Asian DNA to their descendants. What about South Asian DNA? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">T.L.
Dixon, a DNA scholar in the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/710454922307578/">Malagasy Roots Project
Facebook group</a>, confirmed that South Asian DNA may be an indicator of a
Madagascar ancestor. He further stated, “The range seems to be from 0% to 25%,
based on my family's Malagasy ancestors….You should also note the Southeast
Asian clusters very closely to South Asian (India subcontinent), so the algorithm
may show percentages in both categories.” Another DNA scholar, Teresa Vega, who
has also extensively researched her Madagascar ancestry, also explained that
she has both Southeast Asian and South Asian admixtures in her ancestry
composition. Her extensive research can be read <a href="http://radiantrootsboricuabranches.com/part-i-the-dna-trail-from-madagascar-to-manhattan/"><b>HERE</b></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMkZRXTM3fsJ6IGMiVc397gUaGZ6XSZqA6ppnB5I4ohrZNgv6oqpd426_DkSLobukfvR3oZWi1F1Tsk7CTbYhy75kQskukrIjJESVjQHqJa98fzmaqCO9NQw3xTsd-zoCG6_hW87U478s/s1600/Malagasy+profile2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMkZRXTM3fsJ6IGMiVc397gUaGZ6XSZqA6ppnB5I4ohrZNgv6oqpd426_DkSLobukfvR3oZWi1F1Tsk7CTbYhy75kQskukrIjJESVjQHqJa98fzmaqCO9NQw3xTsd-zoCG6_hW87U478s/s1600/Malagasy+profile2.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">The ancestry composition of a Malagasy shows
22.2% South Asian DNA<br />and 20.5% Southeast Asian DNA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">(Courtesy of TL Dixon) <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Of
the approximately 450,000 enslaved Africans who were transported to America over
the course of the transatlantic slave trade, <b>only about 4,800 of them were from
Madagascar</b>. That is much less than 1%. They were transported via 17 documented
slave voyages into New York and Virginia from Madagascar. Of that total, from
1719 to 1725, around 1,400 enslaved Africans from Madagascar were
disembarked into Virginia through the Rappahannock and York River ports.
Additionally, more were transported to
the Caribbean, especially Jamaica and Barbados. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">In <i>Exchanging Our
Country Mark</i>, Michael Gomez describes how those particular Africans transported
into Virginia were "yellowish" in complexion and had hair like a
"Madagascar's" (p. 41). Madagascar’s inhabitants are called the <b>Malagasy people</b>, and they speak a
language by that name. Sources note that many of the Malagasy people possessed
light skin and facial features very akin to people in Southeast Asia and
Indonesia. Many others possessed darker skin and curly hair. Geneticists have
determined that all of the Malagasy people descend from ancestors from Africa,
as well as from Asia, specifically Borneo (<a href="http://blog.23andme.com/ancestry/new-study-reveals-complex-origins-of-the-malagasy/">Source</a>).
As time passed in America, Malagasy Africans were often and mistakenly labeled
as “Indians,” or “Black Indians” or even “Native Americans.” Some may have even
become labeled as “Blackfoot Indians.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "segoe ui symbol" , sans-serif;">Interestingly,
my great-grandmother Sarah was rumored to have Native American ancestry. Even
one of her sons possessed “cold black,” curly hair that many considered to be a
Native American trait. Turns out, that was most probably a Malagasy trait, not
the Cherokee Nation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYHrdLMsnU_i0Zrc2PM6x_xOBeewV7EVbYOzfEGJOMevqPkXKTQ_HZjoSKf0tt1dgux20jSRAhniR6cFjsNN6rrFTYBZOSxVNbvllG9qkr5jk-mAsC9f3uPumsQIOVDJJkNFEAV8UroB4/s1600/MadagascarWomen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYHrdLMsnU_i0Zrc2PM6x_xOBeewV7EVbYOzfEGJOMevqPkXKTQ_HZjoSKf0tt1dgux20jSRAhniR6cFjsNN6rrFTYBZOSxVNbvllG9qkr5jk-mAsC9f3uPumsQIOVDJJkNFEAV8UroB4/s1600/MadagascarWomen.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Malagasy Women in Madagascar</span></b></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-49019140722496715702015-10-24T09:29:00.001-04:002015-10-24T09:35:56.497-04:00Slave Ancestral Research: Unearthing your Family’s Past Before the 1870 Census<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkQjj5m3Bcq3mAEoRi_BMIIR4HBTdlrw98e4xjCICj-CqPwutH5lBnmKR9oGR9pmyKcjPHVlq4Q8MZTyXd7gqKc2dTq6k8ZSePMZ8FQhb45lmSeZyOv2RI123gRwoRBVqe6fKxbWw1iqU/s1600/HECTOR+DAVIS.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkQjj5m3Bcq3mAEoRi_BMIIR4HBTdlrw98e4xjCICj-CqPwutH5lBnmKR9oGR9pmyKcjPHVlq4Q8MZTyXd7gqKc2dTq6k8ZSePMZ8FQhb45lmSeZyOv2RI123gRwoRBVqe6fKxbWw1iqU/s1600/HECTOR+DAVIS.JPG" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Black Caucus of the American Library Association (BCALA)
published this second article in their latest newsletter, BCALA News, Summer
2015, Volume 42 Issue 3, pp 41-46. I am reposting it here on my blog. This
article can also be read at the following link: </span></i><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;"><a href="http://www.bcala.org/Summer_BCALA_Newsletter/#p=40"><i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.bcala.org/Summer_BCALA_Newsletter/#p=40</span></i></a></span><i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">You have thoroughly researched your
African-American roots all the way back to the 1870 U.S. census. You have even
read an article, book, or two about the institution of chattel slavery here in
America. Now you are wondering what to do? How can you trace your family
history back into the slavery era? How do you find and document your enslaved
ancestors? Part two of this genealogy series answers these questions. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First and foremost, you must determine
if your African-American ancestors were enslaved. Elderly relatives may be able
to shed some light. You can also determine if your ancestors were free or
enslaved by researching the 1860 U.S. census. If you find your ancestors in the
1860 U.S. census, residing in a slave state, then your ancestors were “Free
People of Color” (FPOC). Only a small
percentage of African-American families, especially in the South, were actually
free before the Civil War. Historians have estimated that more than 200,000 FPOC
were in the South and in the North before the Civil War. However, most people
of African descent here in America were enslaved, especially in the South. More
than 4,000,000 were enslaved in the South when the Civil War began in 1861. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have successfully located your
ancestors in the U.S. census records, all the way back to the 1870 U.S. census,
then you have successfully reached the point known in the genealogy world as the
“1870 Brick Wall.” If your ancestors were enslaved during and before the Civil
War, there is only one way to knock down this infamous brick wall. You must find
the name of the last slave-owner to research for information about your
enslaved ancestors. This is imperative. Slave ancestral research cannot be conducted
without knowing the name of the last slave-owner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During the early years of my
genealogical journey that began in 1993, I presumed that the surnames of nearly
all African Americans came from the last slave-owner. While researching my
family roots, I found that to not be true.
Some former slaves took the last slave-owner's surname, but a lot of them
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="CurrentCursorPosition"></a>did not.
Many emancipated people not only chose different surnames after slavery,
but many people had surnames on farms and plantations that were concealed from
most slave-owners. In <i>The Black Family in
Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925</i>, historian Herbert Gutman quoted the
following from the 1865 diary of Eliza Frances Andrews, a slave-owner’s
daughter in Georgia, “I notice that the negroes seldom or never take the names
of the present owners in adopting their ‘entitles’ as they call their own
surnames, but always that of some former master, and they go back as far as
possible.” (pg. 256) FamilySearch.org, the genealogy website maintained by the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, reports that only 15 percent of former
slaves retained the last slave-owner’s surname. The statistics vary on this
subject. However, the general consensus, based on a number of sources,
indicates that the number of people who did not take the last slave-owner’s surname
is greater than the number of people who did.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here are seven other important facts to
remember when starting your quest to document your enslaved ancestors:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
Slavery ended in 1865, in most areas of the South. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Husbands and wives were not always enslaved on the same farm or plantation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
A number of African Americans and their families were enslaved by the same
family for several generations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Many enslaved people had multiple owners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
Some African Americans chose surnames not affiliated with any slave-owner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.
Slave-owners acquired slaves through the following sources:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Estate sales<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Public Auction, Slave markets, or
independent sellers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. Sheriff sales<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. Inheritance from family members
(fathers, fathers-in-law, uncles, grandfathers, etc.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.
If one of your enslaved ancestors was “mulatto,” and you have no oral history
about this ancestor’s parentage, don’t immediately conclude that the slave-owner
was the father.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With genealogy, especially slave
ancestral research, one is often faced with direct evidence vs. indirect
evidence. Evidence only arises when the researcher asks a specific question and
then considers whether the information found in a particular record answers
that question. Direct evidence is information that directly answers a question,
such as ‘what year was Prince born,’ without a need for other evidence to
explain or interpret it. Conversely, indirect evidence is circumstantial
information that requires additional evidence to devise a reliable conclusion.
Of course, direct evidence usually carries more weight than indirect evidence.
However, with slave ancestral research, many forms of direct evidence that
emphatically proves family relationships, birthplaces, and other happenings are
often non-existent because slaves were merely considered “property” and not
human beings. Indeed, a number of researchers have been very fortunate to find
pieces of direct evidence, in the form of old family letters, diaries, ledgers,
Bibles, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With this background information, here
are seven basic steps to begin your slave ancestral research journey.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
1 – Talk with your kin <u>again</u>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To begin the journey of finding and
documenting enslaved ancestors, you should talk to elderly family members
again. I say “again” because you should have already conversed with family
elders during the beginning stages of your genealogy research. Record their
memories of past family members, especially the ones who lived during slavery.
Inquire if the family’s surname has always been used by the family, or if at
one time, the surname was said to have been different. If so, record that
surname because it will likely serve as a great clue in your quest to find and
document your enslaved ancestors. Record any special stories that were passed
down in the family, especially if the events happened during slavery. Verify
where the family resided during and after slavery. Chances are good that your
ancestors remained close to the farm or plantation where they had been enslaved.
Note the names of other family members or kinship with other families with
other surnames. Those surnames may also serve as great clues. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
2 – Study the Neighborhood.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Once you have found your ancestors in
the 1870 U.S. census, go back and study the neighborhood. Look at the white
families who lived near your ancestors for suspects. I often advise people to scroll
at least the first ten pages before and after your family in that census. As
mentioned in the first article, many African Americans on the same 1870 U.S. census
pages had likely lived together earlier as a family group on their former
enslavers’ farms and plantations. As late as 1870 and further, they continued
to depend upon these relationships, even though some people were not
blood-related. In 1870, you may often run across other families in the area
with the same last names as your ancestors. Some of them may have been blood
relatives, and some were not. Elder family members may know which families were
blood-related. More importantly, the goal is to also find any white persons who
may have been the last slave-owner. Your examination of the neighborhood for
clues is a methodology called <b>cluster
genealogy</b>. Becoming familiar with the 1870 neighborhood, i.e., family,
friends, and associates, just five years after slavery, often reveals great clues
to determining who the last slave-owner may have been. Additionally, increase
your knowledge about the area and county where they resided through published
sources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
3 – Research the 1850 and 1850 Censuses/Slave Schedules.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Armed with clues gained from conducting
cluster genealogy, research the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules for the county
where your ancestors were living in 1870, to see if any suspected persons owned
slaves. Highly suspected persons are whites with the same surname that your
ancestors chose to retain, since many people chose to keep the last
slave-owner’s surname. However, there is one problem with slave schedules. Outside
of identifying the names of potential slave-owners, many researchers feel that
the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules are fundamentally useless. Why? When slave
schedules were added to the U.S. federal census in 1850 and 1860, census
enumerators were not required to list each enslaved person by name. The name of the slave-owner was reported,
with only a scanty description of each slave – age, sex, and color. Enslaved people,
age 100 and over, were supposed to be named in the 1860 slave schedules, but
only some of them had their names recorded. Despite this inhumane act of not
reporting our enslaved ancestors’ names, the slave schedules can provide a
plethora of clues. Compare the age, sex, and color of the slaves to that of
your ancestors. Also, research the 1850 and 1860 census records to see if there
were any white families with the same last names. Some people were omitted in the slave
schedules. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
4 – Research the Suspected Slave-owner’s Family.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">You may have to do as much (or more)
research on the last slave-owner and his family in order to find your enslaved
ancestors. Note the following key facts about the suspected slave-owning
family. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
Pay attention to migration patterns. Note the birthplaces of the possible
slave-owners to see if they match the birthplaces of your ancestors. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Gather the following information on
the slave-owner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A. Year and place of death <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.
Maiden name of wife <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C. Birthplace <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D. Children’s names and the names of sons-in-law<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E.
Parents’ names and their dates and places of death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
Scour the Internet for others who are researching the same family, i.e. genealogy
message boards and family trees on Ancestry.com. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Read county history books to see if there are any written histories on the
slave-owning families. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
If a possible female slave-owner was found in the censuses and slave schedules,
she was likely a widow and her husband may have been the previous slave-owner.
Research to determine the name of her deceased husband and his date and place
of death. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.
Check the historical society in the county where your ancestors were enslaved
or the State Archives to see if any plantation records may exist for that
suspected slave-holding family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
5 – Research County Court Records.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Enslaved African Americans were
considered “property,” like horses, cattle, furniture, etc. Many of the
enslaved were recorded in court records by their first names for any
transactions that affected their ownership. Wills, probate and estate records are the most
valuable resources in tracing enslaved ancestors. They often contain the names
of slaves frequently listed in the wills and estate inventories. Once you have
found the name of a suspected slave-owner, check to see if he left a will. Also,
search for his probate and estate records.
When a person died leaving a will, he died testate; his estate was
distributed according to his will. These distributions were recorded in the
estate records. When a person died without leaving a will, he died intestate.
However, his property was distributed according to the inheritance laws of the
State. A court-appointed administrator was responsible for taking a complete
inventory of the estate. If the person died testate or intestate before 1865,
and he was the owner of slaves, his court records should include the names of
his slaves, as well their ages and/or value. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Other rich resources in county court
records include the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
<b>Probate/Estate Records, Slave
Inventories and Appraisements </b>— when slave-owners died, their estates had
to be settled. Slaves were often named in inventories and appraisements of the
estate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
<b>Deed Records </b>— Bills of sale, deeds
of gifts, and deeds of trust show the transference of slaves. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
<b>Civil Court Cases </b>— Research these
records to see if the slave-owner was involved in any lawsuits that may have
involved the slaves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .2in; text-indent: -.2in;">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
<b>Tax Records</b> – some counties’ tax
records may list slaves and their monetary value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These records can be found at the
courthouse in the county where the person died. Most state archive departments
have these records on microfilm. Also, microfilms containing wills and estate
records can be ordered through your local or nearest Family History Center. Many
county court records may also be found online, on sites like FamilySearch.org, Ancestry.com,
Fold3.com, AfriGeneas.com, and others. Specifically, Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org
are continuously digitizing more of these records and adding them to their online
accessible databases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
6 – Research Other Sources to Determine or Verify the Last Slave-owner.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Civil War Pension Records – see
www.nara.gov.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Freedman’s Bank Applications – see www.ancestry.com
or www.familysearch.org.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Freedmen’s Bureau Records – see www.discoverfreedmen.org.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Southern Claims Commission Records –
see www.ancestry.com or www.fold3.com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Slave Narratives <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. Church Records <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Inquire about unique records for
your state at your State Archives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7. Donated family papers – check your local
archives, your state archives, and your local historical society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Step
7 – Read slave ancestral research case studies and genealogy blogs, books,
articles, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although I have placed this as the last
step, it can actually be one of the first steps. Slave ancestral research is
not an exact science or does not entail a straightforward methodology, even
though I list seven methodical steps in this article. Many people have found
and documented their enslaved ancestors in a number of ways, utilizing a lot of
records. You can garner much insight by reading cases on how enslaved ancestors
were found. My two books, <i>Mississippi to
Africa: A Journey of Discovery</i> and <i>150
Years Later: Broken Ties Mended</i>, offer two extensive case studies on how my
families were traced back well into the slavery-era. One of the purposes for
writing these books was to provide readers with solid examples of slave
ancestral research. Also, my blog, <i>Roots
Revealed</i>, contain many posts on how enslaved ancestors were documented. See
www.rootsrevealed.com. Genealogist Robyn Smith’s new book, <i>The Best of Reclaiming Kin: A Genealogy Blog, </i>offer great cases as
well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additionally, several instructional
books are available that outline methodologies for slave ancestral research.
Those books include the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finding
a Place Called Home</span></i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> by Dee Palmer Woodtor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A
Genealogist’s Guide to Discovering Your African-American Ancestors</span></i><span style="font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
by Franklin Smith and Emily Croom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', sans-serif;">Slave ancestral research is not easy.
It requires time, money, patience, and knowing what resources are available.
Understanding how others tackled their genealogical puzzles can provide
researchers with “road maps” to their own enslaved ancestors, who are waiting
to be found. Last but not least, never give up. If you become too easily
frustrated and give up, your ancestors will remain buried.</span></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-70978453612956832852015-08-02T22:32:00.000-04:002015-08-03T19:55:03.269-04:00The Reuniting of Two Sisters, Beady and Brittie Ann<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgC-QH_5r_hbaY8zwPDz4laI_Yk-USqSYgA5pcRePz_mkHcbmEEdKM-uEEZdHhyphenhyphenFOolaXTkqDstRW6En3xeNX9XRHuX4GlBRKeJH_pVB8P-z8VLe0j9dlcMLwcZ0cBjsks-x8TieGqKGM/s1600/EarleyTitle.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgC-QH_5r_hbaY8zwPDz4laI_Yk-USqSYgA5pcRePz_mkHcbmEEdKM-uEEZdHhyphenhyphenFOolaXTkqDstRW6En3xeNX9XRHuX4GlBRKeJH_pVB8P-z8VLe0j9dlcMLwcZ0cBjsks-x8TieGqKGM/s400/EarleyTitle.JPG" width="336" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">I
have come to realize that we are on the ancestors’ time. Therefore, when we
embark on a genealogy journey to trace our family histories, <b>we must have patience</b>. We also must never
give up. Everything that we want to know will not be found within the time frame
that we imagine. If we get easily frustrated and decide that we don’t want to
be bothered with genealogy research anymore, then whatever was meant to be
found will remain buried. I truly believe that our ancestors want their
stories told. At the same time, I feel that they ascertain the perfect time
when to drop a major clue out of the blue. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">I
moved to the Washington, D.C. area in April 2013. Now, I honestly believe that
my ancestors were waiting for that move to happen. They had a lot of things in
store for me, and being in the D.C. area would be perfect. I needed to be here to
also attend the 2015 Earley-Jenkins Family Reunion in Alexandria, Virginia. On
the day I moved to the D.C. area, hearing “The Earley-Jenkins Family Reunion”
would have meant nothing to me. I was clueless about my connection to this
North Carolina family. Two months later, on June 18, 2013, the ancestors
obviously stated, <b>“It’s time!”</b> A
major clue was revealed. That major clue enabled me to break down one of my
brick walls and learn more about my father’s great-grandfather John “Jack” Bass’
family, especially the plight of Jack’s mother, Beady Bass. Previous blog posts
disclose the Bass discoveries in greater detail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">However,
allow me to summarize in a nutshell. In or around 1849, my
great-great-great-grandmother Beady Bass, her children, two brothers, their mother Rose, and possibly her very elderly grandmother Peggy were
taken to Hinds County, Mississippi. Persistent research finally revealed that she
had a younger sister named <b>Brittie Ann
Bass. </b>Aunt Brittie Ann remained in North Carolina because their former
enslaver, Council Bass, had bequeathed her in 1830 to one of his three married
daughters named Charlotte Holloman; she stayed in North Carolina with her
husband, while her two sisters migrated to Hinds County, Mississippi and Madison
County, Tennessee with their husbands. Those sisters took nearly all of Aunt Brittie
Ann’s siblings away from North Carolina. Sadly, Grandma Beady and Aunt Brittie
Ann never saw each other anymore. She subsequently “jumped the broom” with a
man named Langley Earley, and they had a large family who lived near Ahoskie in
Hertford County, North Carolina after slavery. Aunt Brittie Ann died in 1914. Her death certificate reported that she was “about 100,” and she was
definitely in her mid to late 90s when she died. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Shortly
after discovering the whereabouts of Aunt Brittie Ann, I was fortunate to find
a family tree on ancestry.com that contained one of her sons, Goodman Earley, the
same son who was the informant of her 1914 death certificate. Andre Early of
New York had uploaded his family tree there. Goodman was Andre’s
great-grandfather, and Aunt Brittie Ann was his great-great-grandmother. Soon
after making contact with Andre, he invited me to the Earley-Jenkins Family
Reunion, a reunion of Aunt Brittie Ann’s descendants! He was the 2015 reunion
organizer, and it was slated to be held right here in the D.C. area, practically
in my back yard, in Alexandria, Virginia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">On
this past Saturday, while I gazed into the eyes of Aunt Brittie Ann’s
descendants, I was in disbelief. All of this happened within a short time frame
– from uncovering Grandma Beady Bass’ family and her permanent separation from
family members in 2013, to meeting the descendants of one of her long lost
sisters in person in 2015! The ancestors were with me as I relayed this unknown
history to the family. Mouths dropped while I gave my presentation. Everything
seemed so surreal. I had purposely refrained from telling family members how I
was related when I was asked before my presentation. I simply stated, <b><i>“If I
tell you now, it may be hard for you to believe, so let’s wait until I give my
presentation.”</i></b> Many understood why I stated that. They never imagined
that my connection to the family would be in this manner. I was lovingly
embraced, and I felt that North Carolina hospitality. Grandma Beady and Aunt
Brittie Ann were happy. They had been reunited.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Here
are some pictures from the family reunion:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl5Fu39L-Vwy4jzA-6fy5pzja5n8d6-cp-At4Q91quu8FqW3upkF2Br8shJLpX16ZEmgtwhu_rOZ89_RyOWs2ZI1OU0QCJLzMWlRF40jeodCkrhrJutRdm79CuH3vJbWCUTB9_HX6Kskk/s1600/Earley1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl5Fu39L-Vwy4jzA-6fy5pzja5n8d6-cp-At4Q91quu8FqW3upkF2Br8shJLpX16ZEmgtwhu_rOZ89_RyOWs2ZI1OU0QCJLzMWlRF40jeodCkrhrJutRdm79CuH3vJbWCUTB9_HX6Kskk/s1600/Earley1.JPG" /></a></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Andre Early and me<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQvT1OFwhxzlCLDpHJ0NRrMqC7EnK0e4XSYCe8A94vX94a3w3Pzd14RdFOwy5_fWwVV556wo_aknXrsMFicC8HGl3L9NAH3-ZcP4d0ejIrfIXhdPAtljpF9DopDkqfOAt0M4WTmS-HC4I/s1600/Earley2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQvT1OFwhxzlCLDpHJ0NRrMqC7EnK0e4XSYCe8A94vX94a3w3Pzd14RdFOwy5_fWwVV556wo_aknXrsMFicC8HGl3L9NAH3-ZcP4d0ejIrfIXhdPAtljpF9DopDkqfOAt0M4WTmS-HC4I/s1600/Earley2.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Descendants of Goodman Earley (Brittie Ann’s son)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7-5x-S8U5TQRN-GjQ4Gcy5yov4tnQF3-_ChFnN_RaagZA9R8LG7OBNSxflmV7YGvSNLoSwlXLQGFBvksuZVEt5uw46tsk0sgryGkw0J9Z1bUw5fIYF17VijZatmU4lEB1oLteXP39cc/s1600/Earley3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7-5x-S8U5TQRN-GjQ4Gcy5yov4tnQF3-_ChFnN_RaagZA9R8LG7OBNSxflmV7YGvSNLoSwlXLQGFBvksuZVEt5uw46tsk0sgryGkw0J9Z1bUw5fIYF17VijZatmU4lEB1oLteXP39cc/s1600/Earley3.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Descendants of Rev. D. Westley Earley (Brittie Ann’s son)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bqGJODLrY3lhyphenhyphenNBMIyfzcX9F0zEcT-7UnohbfLiJVQ6mNH9E2MGU1l_Hwpn7uj95bmnmd3vVI8EccLdzXJAj5byp2Qc20oiNQGyFH90zDdMQIA8TOsvFjPooTIzQbtgFXQaoTBx8x3E/s1600/Earley4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bqGJODLrY3lhyphenhyphenNBMIyfzcX9F0zEcT-7UnohbfLiJVQ6mNH9E2MGU1l_Hwpn7uj95bmnmd3vVI8EccLdzXJAj5byp2Qc20oiNQGyFH90zDdMQIA8TOsvFjPooTIzQbtgFXQaoTBx8x3E/s1600/Earley4.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Naomi Murrell-Bunch of Ahoskie, N.C. delivering the
Earley-Jenkins Family Reunion History. She is a great-granddaughter of Aunt
Brittie Ann’s son, Rev. D. Westley Earley. Cousin Naomi told me that her
grandmother talked about Brittie Ann a lot!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigExf9eI-grzvQMQliamBkkbsWv2r0NZhHyWs8NmlXiQW3GD5L-N6FRbhskxsa-zJuO6qcBZD-sZSFkBfE6lwzSZHM_jQv-qd6rC-11b7eH_KC-JiE23l6R8idPnl0TLr6xFy5f0JOZnM/s1600/Earley5.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigExf9eI-grzvQMQliamBkkbsWv2r0NZhHyWs8NmlXiQW3GD5L-N6FRbhskxsa-zJuO6qcBZD-sZSFkBfE6lwzSZHM_jQv-qd6rC-11b7eH_KC-JiE23l6R8idPnl0TLr6xFy5f0JOZnM/s1600/Earley5.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Cousin Naomi Murrell-Bunch<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Gp8YTRf6g2ZYkrUeCDcMZUMfdFYt2iPYqRPuQd08lTMrDrE5Xml6EeM4O19HPMUHhmfnW3AuynCFhgn9oKUi3s5wOJ6N6UnqARpCUUqtFYOj_wqOpDVKm5aczF4z4bOdjAHBEEp8EpE/s1600/Earley6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Gp8YTRf6g2ZYkrUeCDcMZUMfdFYt2iPYqRPuQd08lTMrDrE5Xml6EeM4O19HPMUHhmfnW3AuynCFhgn9oKUi3s5wOJ6N6UnqARpCUUqtFYOj_wqOpDVKm5aczF4z4bOdjAHBEEp8EpE/s1600/Earley6.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Earley-Jenkins Descendants<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMCGEM6EOvOlybYl8zRjnJS5Hmbt2olyNhNwwUysgvfmX_MUZaJa8Dgn5EWD9zP9SEoXeqG1cRAvLH8vXZGfVhh94D6jxXpkjw5AsRevUGFn_JVAr7PqoQXema0WwaouNQrUTgQdYmj4k/s1600/Earley7.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMCGEM6EOvOlybYl8zRjnJS5Hmbt2olyNhNwwUysgvfmX_MUZaJa8Dgn5EWD9zP9SEoXeqG1cRAvLH8vXZGfVhh94D6jxXpkjw5AsRevUGFn_JVAr7PqoQXema0WwaouNQrUTgQdYmj4k/s1600/Earley7.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Look at that beautiful cake!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgux71jtDP-oF_9MrrsqgUauQLP2dF9Orqc6QPKyudZkntbqb83LWb-zV65875qylznhQ04jDpaseZXNepmHIDGNnzDoao3JBp2DuR9A8Aq4d2j502ZVzlcvhs9AEcQ9xIzp171VqKx0n8/s1600/Earley8.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgux71jtDP-oF_9MrrsqgUauQLP2dF9Orqc6QPKyudZkntbqb83LWb-zV65875qylznhQ04jDpaseZXNepmHIDGNnzDoao3JBp2DuR9A8Aq4d2j502ZVzlcvhs9AEcQ9xIzp171VqKx0n8/s1600/Earley8.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">With Alice Medford, another descendant of Rev. D. Westley Earley<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6bntbKaEB0oj-fw1Eg2uJ6pVmyGa_vJsxNWwSs3E_xCtevzQVR_HhTtcePA-cAMh3zWmMN65L8Jbishj-702rLQ9XmeWIzo6_-tG69zWpTMaeE-d-O_KOOOORZo23DVqygffR897i4kk/s1600/Earley9.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6bntbKaEB0oj-fw1Eg2uJ6pVmyGa_vJsxNWwSs3E_xCtevzQVR_HhTtcePA-cAMh3zWmMN65L8Jbishj-702rLQ9XmeWIzo6_-tG69zWpTMaeE-d-O_KOOOORZo23DVqygffR897i4kk/s1600/Earley9.JPG" /></a></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">The Earley-Jenkins Family knows how to dance!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibsR6MJKf7fsmS74Z938EXCO74XaujtS2OP7D6AlEKyX6BZatpCfYOelpgwwNWdTI6ZcgGJcB_wF578f2mGd3mGn_Y3-jSsmLoXyJH13QslHsXprWlsxWd5xhr87RQHd4OuTEHIFh7xIg/s1600/Earley10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibsR6MJKf7fsmS74Z938EXCO74XaujtS2OP7D6AlEKyX6BZatpCfYOelpgwwNWdTI6ZcgGJcB_wF578f2mGd3mGn_Y3-jSsmLoXyJH13QslHsXprWlsxWd5xhr87RQHd4OuTEHIFh7xIg/s1600/Earley10.JPG" /></a><br /><b><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><br /></span></b></b></div>
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<b><b><span style="font-size: 9pt;">With Cousin Dana Early-Jeune, who wrote on her Facebook page, <i>“Connecting the dots w/ a family member. Sisters separated because of slavery & never knew what happened to each other once the slave owner died & left slaves to his kids. One went to Mississippi & the other one stayed in NC. WOW!!”</i></span></b></b></div>
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Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-47559013385794110362015-07-01T16:30:00.000-04:002015-07-07T10:40:26.560-04:00My “Maury Povich Moment” with DNA<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpr23viHNLZXN-gdEtNcZ8gVC3_QEpo2TbXacmPDgejv6TeME0vCpHoEkg6UCOpYk9FIMcRlXB0EjE54QdnA5oCovhtAMHP0-5uDYEuVRiRBcD0Arb_h2LbRI3Yc-QPdqJ4hOCZ5VaGhM/s1600/Jimmy_JohnElla_Pleas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpr23viHNLZXN-gdEtNcZ8gVC3_QEpo2TbXacmPDgejv6TeME0vCpHoEkg6UCOpYk9FIMcRlXB0EjE54QdnA5oCovhtAMHP0-5uDYEuVRiRBcD0Arb_h2LbRI3Yc-QPdqJ4hOCZ5VaGhM/s1600/Jimmy_JohnElla_Pleas.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><b>Three of 11 children of
Bill & Sarah Partee Reed: Jimmy, John Ella, and Pleas Reed</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Tate County, Mississippi</span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">To date, June 2015 will go down in genealogy history as the month that I had the most discoveries, all within 30 days. I won’t go into details
about all of them in this blog post. However, I will reveal my first one, which
has still left me in utter shock. Not only that, this discovery has led to
other mouth-dropping discoveries that I will present. Therefore, in an effort
not to write an extremely long blog post and for better flow of information, I
will present this discovery in four parts. Part 1 is what led to it all.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Part 1: Who’s the
Daddy?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
father of my mother’s paternal grandmother, Sarah Partee Reed (1852-1923), has
been a mystery for me for over 20 years! For years, I speculated that a man
named James Partee, born c. 1825 in Virginia, may have been her father,
although Grandma Sarah (or someone) reported to the census-takers that her
father was born in Tennessee. I even wrote </span><a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2013/08/dna-found-native-americans-resting-in.html"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">this August 30, 2013
blog post</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">
about my speculation of James Partee. In my mind, I had always pictured that
her father was another person enslaved on Squire B. Partee’s plantation near
Como, Mississippi. I was wrong as two left shoes!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Little
did I know, family elders provided great clues all along, but I failed to see
the answer. Let me briefly take you back to July 1994, the day I met the late Cousin
Isaac “Ike” Deberry Sr., my mother’s eldest paternal first cousin, at the Reed
& Puryear Family Reunion in Senatobia, Mississippi. At the time, he was 80
years old, and I was a college youngster deeply interested in my family roots. Cousin
Ike was practically raised by his maternal grandparents, Bill & Sarah Reed.
That day, during my conversation with him, he claimed that Grandpa Bill Reed
(1846-1937) had two sisters named <b>Louvenia
Hunter </b>and <b>Hattie Whiting</b> who
came with him to Mississippi from South Carolina right after slavery. I soon
learned that Grandpa Bill arrived in northern Mississippi from Abbeville, South
Carolina in 1866. I was very excited because I now had more clues to take my
research further.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">During
my next trip to the Mississippi Department of Archives & History in
Jackson, I searched for those alleged sisters in the census records. My
findings didn’t completely jive with what Cousin Isaac Deberry had told me
initially. He was partially correct, which is the nature of oral history. In a
nutshell, I realized that Louvenia Hunter was Grandpa Bill Reed's niece, his
sister's daughter, and not his sister. Prior to marrying Allen Hunter, Louvenia
was in the household of her parents, Dave & Mary Pratt, who were both from
South Carolina. My Mom remembers the Hunters (Louvenia's children) as being her
cousins. So the dots connected with Louvenia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">But
what about Aunt Hattie Whiting? When I found Aunt Hattie in the censuses and
marriage records, I became even more confused! I discovered that her maiden
name was Edwards and that she was born in 1866 in Mississippi. I found her in
her parents' household in 1880, before she married Sam Whiting in 1885. Her
parents were Prince & Leanna Edwards. No one was from South Carolina. If
someone is to be Grandpa Bill's sister, she had to have been born in South
Carolina, too. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">To
make things even more confusing, other family elders corroborated what Cousin
Ike said. One family elder recalled that Sam & Hattie Edwards Whiting's two
children, Admira & Prince Whiting, were first cousins to my grandfather Simpson
Reed and his siblings. What? How could that be? It could <u>not</u> be on
Grandpa Bill's side. Hattie's siblings, Jeff, Bly, and Miles Edwards, were also
considered to be "close family," according to Cousin Ike. So I began
to speculate that the connection was truly on Grandma Sarah's side. Aunt Hattie's
mother, Leanna Edwards, was born in Maryland, according to the 1880 census. No
one in my family came from Maryland. North Carolina was consistently reported as
the birthplace of Grandma Sarah's mother, Polly Partee (born c. 1832). So that
left Aunt Hattie’s father, <b>Prince
Edwards</b>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">In
the 1880 Panola County census, Prince Edwards’ age was reported as 40 years
old. Grandma Sarah was around 27 or 28 years old then. What is the connection? I
wondered this for over 20 years. It didn’t dawn on me then that perhaps Prince
Edwards may have been closer to 50, rather than 40. A rule in genealogy,
especially African-American genealogy, is to never consider the reported ages in
the census records as the absolute truth. Many formerly enslaved African
Americans did not know their exact birthdates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Part 2: My “Maury
Povich Moment”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Now,
let’s fast forward 21 years later, to June 25, 2015. DNA technology has entered
the scene, and millions of people have utilized DNA technology via 23andMe,
Family Tree DNA, AncestryDNA, and other DNA companies to tell them something
about their ancestry. One of those persons is Kemberly Edwards-Morris, Ph.D of
Atlanta. Her family is from Oklahoma. She is a new DNA match in my mother,
aunt, and uncle’s GEDmatch databases. My uncle John Reed is presently her highest
DNA match, at <b>87.1 cM across 4 segments </b><i>(76.3 cM when performing an one-to-one
comparison), </i>with an estimated MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor) of 3.7
generations back. Not only that, their paternal first cousin’s granddaughter
Caronde Puryear is Kemberly’s third highest DNA match in GEDmatch, sharing <b>59.5 cM across 3 segments</b>. Therefore,
our connection to Kemberly is via my grandfather, Simpson Reed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRb_VcKhIpmUtTQvDC5GqlnSjPPI3BQvVqe4ZsinG3zQUiyja40Lj2Yfa0ma3bn0VVglyqWxXhZJ66cQM7MQKJNBXABfu_GTLevEb4nMdn4RRB9htBBkd7MrKjcGIwHuT9EwCfQwWnIEc/s1600/KemGEDmatch.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRb_VcKhIpmUtTQvDC5GqlnSjPPI3BQvVqe4ZsinG3zQUiyja40Lj2Yfa0ma3bn0VVglyqWxXhZJ66cQM7MQKJNBXABfu_GTLevEb4nMdn4RRB9htBBkd7MrKjcGIwHuT9EwCfQwWnIEc/s1600/KemGEDmatch.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">I
sent an e-mail to Kemberly introducing myself. I also explained that she is related
to my maternal grandfather. She responded excitingly within an hour and
included a link to her family tree on ancestry.com. In her response, she
explained that her only link to Mississippi was via her paternal Edwards family,
who left Panola County, Mississippi and eventually migrated to Oklahoma. My
heart started pounding! Then, I clicked on her family tree. My heart skipped a
beat when I noticed that her great-great-great-grandfather was <b>Peter Edwards</b>!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Why
is Peter Edwards so important? In the 1870
census, Prince Edwards' two oldest children, Harriett and Prince Jr., were in
Peter's household. Perhaps Peter and his wife were babysitting when the
census-taker came by in 1870, and the census-taker recorded them in Peter's
household. In 1880, Harriet and Prince Jr. were in the household of their
parents, Prince & Leanna Edwards, as well as other younger siblings.
Harriet was Aunt Hattie Edwards Whiting. Prince and Peter appeared to have been
brothers. Then, as I thought about it more and re-analyzed everything, a light
bulb went off. In my mind I heard Maury Povich’s voice saying, <b>“In the case of baby Sarah Partee, Prince
Edwards, DNA says that you ARE the father!”</b> <i>lol</i> Everything began to make sense after 20 years! Hattie and
Grandma Sarah were half-sisters! That’s why Cousin Ike had claimed her as a
“sister,” but he was apparently confused about whose sister she was. So indeed,
Hattie’s children, Admira & Prince Whiting, would have been my
grandfather’s first cousins, like the elders had claimed. They were right all
along!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Part 3: Cousins
Everywhere, Even in Alberta, Canada!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOK8kXXxibUHLZHuWQMgI_xkvxOe4vA_G1ODG86t5hy9HSVoSiwlaszVKyuU3tJFhMIgrMn_bcNP_1W9dBFA3ZlFavr2vCOeLaLX2R__hxqnBUn0VpYT4B693h0gyatTKumuP2qw6m19M/s1600/AlbertaCanada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOK8kXXxibUHLZHuWQMgI_xkvxOe4vA_G1ODG86t5hy9HSVoSiwlaszVKyuU3tJFhMIgrMn_bcNP_1W9dBFA3ZlFavr2vCOeLaLX2R__hxqnBUn0VpYT4B693h0gyatTKumuP2qw6m19M/s1600/AlbertaCanada.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">My
excited newfound cousin Kemberly further communicated more about the history of
her Edwards Family branch. Peter Edwards, his second wife Catherine, and his 12
children <i>(Isaac, Patrick, John, Jeff,
Peter, Katie, Henry, Lucy, Jerry, Paul, Silas, and Moses)</i> left the Como and
Sardis area of Panola County after 1880 and spent some time in Quitman County,
in the Mississippi Delta, near the towns of Sledge and Maston. Even Uncle Prince
Edwards, Jr. followed them to Quitman County, where I found him in the 1900
census with his wife and children. Around
1907, scores of Edwards then left Mississippi and settled in Lincoln County,
Oklahoma, in the communities of Wellston, Wewoka, and Lima. Cousin Kemberly
further shared that the Edwards Family Reunion, which is held every two years,
generates an attendance of 200-500 people! They are preparing for their 2015
reunion in Chicago this month. This is their website: </span><a href="http://edwardsfamreunion.com/"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">http://edwardsfamreunion.com/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kemberly
also relayed that there are a lot of black Edwards in Alberta, Canada. I then
discovered through Internet sites that Peter’s grandson, <b>Jefferson Edwards</b>, spurned a migration of about 200
African Americans from Lincoln County, Oklahoma to an area outside of Edmonton,
Canada in 1910-1911. From Edmonton, Jefferson walked a hundred miles north and
staked a homestead east of Athabasca </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">(<a href="http://www.whitepinepictures.com/seeds/iv/45/subject.html">source</a>)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">. He soon married his
sweetheart, Martha Murphy, and the couple were two of the first settlers in the
black settlement known as "Amber Valley". He was only 21 years old.
They had settled in Amber Valley because Oklahoma Black farmers had been denied
the same rights as others. They found the laws in Oklahoma to be more
restrictive regarding Black rights </span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">(</span><a href="http://www.blackhistorycanada.ca/topic.php?id=127&themeid=2"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">source</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">This was another mental "light bulb flashing” moment because the following new DNA match from Canada appeared
in my Mom, aunt, and uncle’s relative database in 23andMe over a month ago! She
lists <b>Edwards</b> as one of her
surnames! She shares the most DNA with my aunt at <b>62 cM (0.83%) across 2
segments</b>, with a predicted relationship of 3rd cousins. That’s fairly close kin,
in my opinion!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF2G6r97-l1-jozjyp7hW4l_7Qq1TOszF0flSVAPWUNvdKgoiuXf09T03aIqOD5XfUxIvU401wVWXh7dqgjBGqcXlkvdv4mJ3HQYlxPEWGDm0ypIAnvo5N4Uwnd4dJtwYu20LW1ALEOhM/s1600/Edwards23andMeMatch.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF2G6r97-l1-jozjyp7hW4l_7Qq1TOszF0flSVAPWUNvdKgoiuXf09T03aIqOD5XfUxIvU401wVWXh7dqgjBGqcXlkvdv4mJ3HQYlxPEWGDm0ypIAnvo5N4Uwnd4dJtwYu20LW1ALEOhM/s1600/Edwards23andMeMatch.JPG" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Is Sandra a descendant
of Jefferson Edwards?</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">
Presently, that question remains unanswered, as I wait for her to respond to my
message. Based on my and others’ experiences, the wait could be days, months,
unfortunately several years, or never. Hopefully, she will eventually respond. Nonetheless,
I learned that Jefferson and Martha had 10 children, seven boys and three
girls. He died in 1979, at the age of 90. He is remembered as a proud Canadian
citizen who exemplified the strong spirit of the Black pioneers who settled the
Canadian West. More about the Alberta, Canada Edwards Family can be read in
this Alberta Council on Aging newsletter, <a href="http://www.acaging.ca/uploads/files/Newsletters/ACA%20News%20Winter%202013-14.pdf">ACA
News Winter 2014</a>. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b><u>Update (7/2/15)</u>: Sandra saw this post and confirmed that Jefferson Edwards is her paternal grandfather! Yeah! Her father also took the 23andMe test and shares 89 cM (1.20%) across 4 segments!</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Part 4: Is Ogba(r) my
“Kunte Kinte”??<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Another
reason why all of this is so shocking for me is because I have been aware of
the Edwards Family of Panola County for a long time. My maternal grandmother’s
oldest sister, Mae Ella Davis (1899-1975), married Johnny Edwards; they and
their children left Como, Mississippi and moved to Benton Harbor, Michigan. Mom
and her siblings have fond memories of visiting Uncle Johnny & Aunt Mae
Ella Edwards. Uncle Johnny’s paternal grandfather, Jerry Edwards, is believed
to be a brother to Prince and Peter Edwards!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">In
2011, I learned a lot about the Edwards Family History from my cousin, Dr.
Jeffrey O. Green Ogbar, never knowing until now that this is my family, too.
Cousin Jeffrey explained to me why he changed his surname to Ogbar. You see, he
had started researching the Edwards Family History some years ago. He was very
fortunate to gain some invaluable oral history notes from his great-uncle, who
had interviewed elderly relatives back in the 1970s. According to those elders,
the father of Jeffrey’s great-great-grandfather Jerry Edwards was an African
who was given the name Luke. He told his family that his real name was <b>Ogba(r) Ogumba</b> (or Agba Akumba). Cousin
Jeffrey changed his surname to reflect his African roots. According to Cousin Jeffrey, geneticist Dr. Rick Kittles' analysis linked a male Edwards' Y-DNA to the Akan people of Ghana. The oral history also
posits that the slave-owner, William Edwards Sr., purchased Luke off a slave
ship in Virginia and transported him to Mississippi. Census records show that
they were in Tennessee for at least two decades before coming to Panola County,
Mississippi around 1837. Also, according to the oral history that Cousin Jeffrey
was able to garner, Luke's wife was named Reedia (or Rita), with whom he had at
least six sons. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">We
are trying to figure out who all of those sons were. Naming patterns strongly
suggest that there may have been at least 8 sons: Jerry, Peter, Prince, York,
Monroe, Jeffrey/Jeff/Jefferson, Jack, and Luke. Panola County census records
show that there was indeed someone named Luke Edwards living in the vicinity up
until after 1900. He was born around 1815/1817 in Tennessee. My theory is that
this Luke was probably Luke Junior. The 1850 Panola County slave schedule shows
that William Edwards’ oldest male slave in 1850 was a 60-year-old black male
(born c. 1790). Of course, his age was estimated. We wonder if this elder male
was Luke Senior [a.k.a. Ogba(r) Ogumba]? <b>Is he truly my
great-great-great-grandfather?!?</b> I believe so! However, we have so much to figure out! Documents to
prove our theories are currently being sought. Also, I think that further DNA
testing will help solve the case as well. Nonetheless, all of this has been
overwhelming but in a great way!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">Last
week, I was able to confirm that William Edwards Sr. was indeed the
slave-owner. He died on Oct. 2, 1855, in Panola County, at the age of 75.
Interestingly, his plantation wasn’t far from Squire B. Partee’s plantation,
and he and Squire Partee are both buried at Fredonia Church Cemetery, eight
miles east of Como. I was fortunate to find his estate file on
FamilySearch.org, and the names of those 8 Edwards men were inventoried, including
my Prince! Yes, it was another “Carlton Banks” dance moment for me. <i>lol</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiejJpvI6Bs0DD_9WAyP-hhET_0I1RUJTmX3Iov1ST80AOFRAXK0L1I8Jttxteb8ZLFYHIy1nNNcui1HjbpRRRMlPMlCBbSlrZhGqAfDhPTjh5f0QVZ7VPCWYpQlHVcc6SiGqViyFaqhio/s1600/WilliamEdwards1855Estate_SlaveInventory.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiejJpvI6Bs0DD_9WAyP-hhET_0I1RUJTmX3Iov1ST80AOFRAXK0L1I8Jttxteb8ZLFYHIy1nNNcui1HjbpRRRMlPMlCBbSlrZhGqAfDhPTjh5f0QVZ7VPCWYpQlHVcc6SiGqViyFaqhio/s1600/WilliamEdwards1855Estate_SlaveInventory.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">The Slave Inventory of William Edwards’ Estate<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">December 15, 1855, Panola County, Mississippi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"> (</span><a href="https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1971-30977-25473-94?cc=2036959&wc=M7MG-8M9:344538301,345117201"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Source</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSeXjPzcYIGozrxeU2IsUO_FSxxITsZYGRRQCaggYA9Gwi2hMxKJhaz_s5tUbxvC5o_5Ko-IRO3quAg960nR0teGDYPyHTr-t2dSaHC9F0QMsSMKa2yjL4PG-8iGLn8ukNlbXhO1RdS2w/s1600/WmEdwardsGrave.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSeXjPzcYIGozrxeU2IsUO_FSxxITsZYGRRQCaggYA9Gwi2hMxKJhaz_s5tUbxvC5o_5Ko-IRO3quAg960nR0teGDYPyHTr-t2dSaHC9F0QMsSMKa2yjL4PG-8iGLn8ukNlbXhO1RdS2w/s1600/WmEdwardsGrave.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">William Edwards’ gravestone at Fredonia Church Cemetery,
Panola County, Mississippi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">(Source: </span><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pv&GRid=27503153&PIpi=11174305"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Find A Grave</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc2A-oLfU6mz9c4iCnPNyD53Eh1IjMN0O7Mzw0sMW8p5xWjscUi2OfUHeoCRAhVn5AFj-YtZQHandbIMAJK6X_J2RPZGFLCZsWF0TTiynMCvVsVSp5hi1DfTrr-0QcoO0WKZ_TgYg9zZc/s1600/Jeffery_Melvin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc2A-oLfU6mz9c4iCnPNyD53Eh1IjMN0O7Mzw0sMW8p5xWjscUi2OfUHeoCRAhVn5AFj-YtZQHandbIMAJK6X_J2RPZGFLCZsWF0TTiynMCvVsVSp5hi1DfTrr-0QcoO0WKZ_TgYg9zZc/s1600/Jeffery_Melvin.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Me and Cousin Dr. Jeffrey O. Green Ogbar; </span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Taken at the Tupac Amaru Shakur Collection Conference<br />Robert W. Woodruff Library – Atlanta University Center, Sept. 2012</span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></i>
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<b><u><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">UPDATE</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">: Also, check out <b><a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2015/07/whos-daddy-part-2.html">“Who’s
the Daddy? (Part 2)”</a></b> posted on July 7, 2015.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-41176070182640957142015-06-08T08:39:00.000-04:002015-06-08T08:46:40.396-04:00African-American Genealogy: Unearthing Your Family’s Past, From the Present to the Civil War<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Y_LuciJX2qZb7e69fvb8RuQvg4XM4gBAFuuTPJOfQe67GLWg34ak90Ky5r6eySmAb-mQNXmIZHZL_rZ3JOgwpM0TP73BOMNjEsnaV7i1Od_If3EM0iZ80P4KTNZy2KanOROZle7DqAc/s1600/DannerFamily.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Y_LuciJX2qZb7e69fvb8RuQvg4XM4gBAFuuTPJOfQe67GLWg34ak90Ky5r6eySmAb-mQNXmIZHZL_rZ3JOgwpM0TP73BOMNjEsnaV7i1Od_If3EM0iZ80P4KTNZy2KanOROZle7DqAc/s1600/DannerFamily.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Black Caucus of the American Library Association (BCALA)
published my article in their latest newsletter, <i>BCALA News, Spring 2015, Volume 42 Issue 2, pp 56-60</i>. I am
reposting it here on my blog. This article answers the question, <b>"How Do I Get Started?"</b> You
can also read it at </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="http://www.bcala.org/Winter2015/#p=56">http://www.bcala.org/Winter2015/#p=56</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
late Dr. John Henrik Clarke so eloquently stated<i>, “History is not everything, but it is a starting point. History is a
clock that people use to tell their political and cultural time of day. It is a
compass they use to find themselves on the map of human geography. It tells
them where they are but, more importantly, what they must be.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
words of this great historian, scholar, and educator highlight why many people,
especially the descendants of enslaved Africans who were disembarked on this
side of the Atlantic Ocean, should research their family histories. Genealogy
is life-changing; its effects have many psychological benefits. Knowledge of
self is gained by unearthing and studying the ancestors of the past. Discovering
how the ancestors contributed to the larger historical picture builds
self-esteem and confidence. Additionally for African Americans, genealogy
elevates our curiosity level and inspires us to read and learn more facts about
our African-American history that have been omitted, distorted, or scantly told
in many history books.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">But
how do we get started? That’s a question that I now hear often. Television
shows like Dr. Henry Louis Gates’ PBS series, “Finding Your Roots,” and TLC’s series,
“Who Do You Think You Are,” have heightened many people’s interest in digging
up their own roots. However, these shows
and others typically present the mouth-dropping findings from genealogy
research, which causes many people to ask, “How did they find that out?”
Therefore, the purpose of this article is to answer those questions. These
steps are how many people can get started in unearthing their families’ past,
going back to the Civil War era. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Converse
with Your Family<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">First,
start building your family tree based on the information you know and the
information you can garner from family members.
Blank family pedigree charts or family trees can be obtained from the
Internet. Interview the older generations first. Record the names, dates, and
places where your ancestors lived. Note any famous family stories. A beginner
may be able to go back several generations in his family tree just from
interviewing or conversing with parents, grandparents, aunts, great-aunts,
great-uncles, cousins, and other relatives or even elder friends of the family.
Some people may encounter family members who do not like to discuss the past.
They will say, “Honey, let sleeping dogs lie.” Don’t worry. Hopefully, other
family members may be willing to recall the past. Filling out your family tree
or pedigree chart helps you to decide which family lines you want to research
first.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Never
rely on your mind to retain the information being relayed to you. At the very
least, be equipped with a notebook and pencil. Advances in technology have
allowed even our smart phones to be great recording devices. The key is to
record the family information as it is being told. Therefore, choose the
recording device that works best for you. Also, you can find numerous Internet articles
about effective interviewing techniques. But one technique that has always
generated great results for me is to just relax and generate conversations
about the family elder’s young days rather than continually asking specific
questions, like a news reporter. Allow the elders to talk, if they are willing,
and sit back and listen, patiently. Pepper the conversation with great
questions to get as much information as possible in a relaxed setting. Also, develop
a rapport with older family members so that you will be able to reach out to
them more as you travel on your genealogical journey. Keep in touch with them.
Send them birthday cards or holiday greetings. As they become more comfortable
with you, they will share more about the past. This is important because as you
begin to research your family roots in the records, more questions will surface.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Gather Existing Records<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Invaluable
records could be right there, either in your house, your parents’ house, or in
the possession of a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or cousin. You may stumble on a
historical treasure trove by scavenging in basements, closets, dresser drawers,
attics, trunks, file cabinets, and other places where old important papers are
kept. These records may contain
genealogical information that will aid in your research. These records include but are not limited to
birth records, obituaries, newspaper clippings, wills, legal papers, old family
papers that consist of divorce records, insurance papers, membership cards, military
discharge papers, property deeds, and any documents with names and dates, as
well as a family Bible, photographs, old photograph albums, school yearbooks, old
church programs, old scrapbooks, etc. Old family obituaries are especially
helpful because they provide names of deceased and living family members and
the names of cemeteries where family members are buried. Your genealogical
journey should also include a visit to those family cemeteries to gather names
and data from tombstones. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcUAtvZr5uCMGA3kevXWWzxPLASdqzm9h6sWnn-lHtHFWhpZhyphenhyphenTHTiSK8XUuJbmfmAf49lJPRRM8DYJvosG-sxoIgyhbCt-laMv8sMcIvF297rmwPBrMJY00ADaG2sxuz32J0RwmfLeno/s1600/MinnieMary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcUAtvZr5uCMGA3kevXWWzxPLASdqzm9h6sWnn-lHtHFWhpZhyphenhyphenTHTiSK8XUuJbmfmAf49lJPRRM8DYJvosG-sxoIgyhbCt-laMv8sMcIvF297rmwPBrMJY00ADaG2sxuz32J0RwmfLeno/s1600/MinnieMary.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Research and Study Federal Census Records<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Census
records are the most valuable resource and the nation’s largest record set for
genealogy research. A federal census of the nation’s population was authorized
and taken every ten years, from 1790 to the present day. The plethora of data recorded in the census
records allow researchers to capture a unique snapshot of their ancestors’
lives and the communities where they dwelled. This valuable data include but are
not limited to the following: the heads of households, the people in the
households and the relationship to the heads of households, the sex, race, age,
and marital status of everyone, the number of years married, the age when first
married, the place of birth, the father and mother’s places of birth,
occupation, etc. The recorded information varies per census. However, for
African-American research, one must rely on the censuses taken after 1860,
unless your ancestors were free people of color. The names of all free people
of color were included in the 1850 and 1860 census.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Armed
with names, dates, and places, head to the place that houses census records. Advances
in technology within recent years have allowed people to access census online
from sites like Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, CensusRecords.com, and others. The
most popular site, Ancestry.com, requires a fee-based subscription. However,
many main city libraries allow library card-holding patrons to access
Ancestry.com and others for free. Census records are also available on
microfilms at the National Archives, state archives departments, large public
libraries, some major university libraries, and family history centers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
1940 U.S. Federal Census is the latest census that was made available to the
public on April 2, 2012. Work from the known to the unknown by starting with
the 1940 census and continue to the 1930, 1920, 1910, 1900, 1880, and the 1870
census. If your ancestors were free people of color, continue researching the 1850
and 1860 censuses. Unfortunately, an enormous 99 percent of the 1890 census was
destroyed in a fire at the Commerce Building in Washington, D.C. in 1921. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If
you are viewing microfilmed census records instead of the digital images on
Ancestry.com and other sites, a soundex is available for the 1930, 1920, 1910,
1900, and 1880 censuses. The soundex is
a phonetic index that was generated based on the sound of the surname. Each surname has a soundex code. Locate your
family in the soundex first, which will tell you exactly where to find them on
the county census records. The 1880 soundex
only contains families with at least one child who was 10 years old or younger.
If you can't find your ancestors in the 1880 soundex, then browse through the
1880 census to locate your ancestors. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The
1870 U.S. Federal Census is very important in African-American genealogy
research. It was very often the first official record that recorded former
enslaved African Americans by their first and last names. This census is also crucial
because it was taken just five years after slavery. Therefore, most African-American
adults in the 1870 census had been enslaved just five years prior. Many African Americans on the same 1870
census pages had likely lived together earlier as a family group on their
former enslavers’ farms and plantations. As late as 1870 and further, they continued
to depend upon these relationships, even though some people were not blood-related.
In 1870, you may often run across other families in the area with the same last
names as your ancestors. Some of them may have been blood relatives, and some
were not. Elder family members may be able to determine which families were
blood-related.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">When
researching census records, here are some key things to remember:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">A lot of county
boundaries changed. Researchers may often find their ancestors residing in one
county for one census year and in another county the following census year, but
their ancestors never moved. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">When you find your
family in the censuses, <u>study</u> that page and several pages before and
after. Pay attention to their neighbors. Family members often lived close to
each other. Mimicking an African village, rural African-American communities were
often filled with relatives or networks of extended kin. Ask older family
members about the names of the other families living near your ancestors. They
may be able to identify them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">You will find many
discrepancies with names, ages, birthplaces, marital statuses, etc. That is
common. Many people, especially former slaves, did not know their exact
birthdates. Also, if a family was absent when the census-taker visited, he
often retrieved information on that family from neighbors. The neighbors likely
guessed the information. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Chances are high that
your family surnames may be spelled differently in the censuses. Do not disregard
people in the censuses because their surnames are spelled another way. Consider
all possible spelling variants of your names. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Be cognizant of the
nicknames for official names. Many people were recorded in the censuses under a
nickname. If you cannot locate an ancestor under his real name, try to search
for him under a nickname. Many genealogical websites have lists of nicknames
and official names. Some common nickname/official name variations include
Lizzie/Liza/Eliza/Betty for Elizabeth, Mollie/Polly/Mae for Mary, Jack for
John, Bill for William, Hank/Hence for Henry, Peggy/Maggie for Margaret,
Mattie/Pattie/Patsy for Martha, Bob for Robert, Sally for Sarah, and many more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">(6)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">If you find people
reported as “M” or “Mu” in the censuses, which is an abbreviation for
“mulatto,” do not assume that one of their parents was White or Native
American. A lot of census-takers wrote
“M” or “Mu” for a person’s race/color if that person appeared to be of mixed
ancestry. Many of them likely did not
inquire about the race of the parents but made assumptions based on
appearances. Older family members may be
able to verify a person’s parentage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">Search for other records<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Fortunately,
for African-American genealogy research, the list of other valuable resources
is lengthy. I will cover some of the main records researchers should seek in
their genealogical quests. These main resources include marriage records, death
certificates, birth certificates, land records, military service records,
newspapers, published sources, draft registration cards, court records, church
records, school records, Social Security Death Index and Social Security
Application form SS-5, city directories, state censuses, and many more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Maiden
names can be learned from marriage records. Marriage license applications can be found for
some counties. The applications often give the parents’ names. Marriage records
can be obtained from county courthouses and state archive departments. Marriage dates may be found online on sites
like FamilySearch.org or Ancestry.com. On the actual marriage documents, pay
attention to the names of witnesses or bondsmen; they were often family
members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Death
certificates are valuable because they contain information such as the name of
the spouse, the father's name, the mother's maiden name, the birthplace, the
birth date, the place of burial, etc. Birth certificates give the parents’
names and the place of birth. Those
records are typically found at state vital records departments and at state
archive departments. Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org have increased their
databases to include scanned death certificate for various states, including North
Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Tennessee, and more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In
1863, the United States Army began to enlist free and enslaved African-American
men into regimental units known as the United States Colored Troops (USCT).
Nearly 186,000 African Americans served in the USCT volunteer cavalry,
artillery, and infantry units during the Civil War. If you have knowledge that
an ancestor or relative may have fought in the Civil War, request copies of his
pension record; they are stored at the National Archives in Washington,
D.C. The USCT service records are
indexed there. The pension records of many of these brave soldiers often
contain a wealth of information. If a personal visit to the National Archives
is not possible, you can order pension records online via the National
Archives’ website. NATF-80 applications
are used to submit an order for a soldier’s record; these applications are also
now online on their website. Not all soldiers have pension records.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Once you are able to
uncover names of more ancestors and family members from these vital records,
plan to search for them in the census records as well. Additionally, don’t just
focus on your direct ancestors. Trace collateral lines or your ancestors’
siblings. You may be able to trace back another generation by doing so,
especially if you discover a parent living with an ancestor’s sibling. Also,
plan a research trip to your state Archives to research more records that are
specific to that state and are not online. Genealogy requires a lot of time,
money, and patience, but the rewards are great and life-changing, not only for
you but for members of your family. There are many stories to be told and
experiences to resurrect. </span>Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3124937133380979208.post-57183678244521178472015-05-26T12:39:00.000-04:002016-12-05T09:38:29.281-05:00DNA “Begging” Letter<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZEbqxirDTdcwIIMdozaPhVNWalMAttWVA5LK5zpl985TPgBSX4PzkWGO-4T5N6HMR8mxVbic5XXC5baj6HggnN21lAfrvk2K_4aOQyC0btosXP4eAVCgq0aRYS7gra9U47oOjbJX89E/s1600/Please.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZEbqxirDTdcwIIMdozaPhVNWalMAttWVA5LK5zpl985TPgBSX4PzkWGO-4T5N6HMR8mxVbic5XXC5baj6HggnN21lAfrvk2K_4aOQyC0btosXP4eAVCgq0aRYS7gra9U47oOjbJX89E/s1600/Please.JPG" /></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Dear DNA
Relative,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">I am
getting ready to beg, which is something I don’t do often. You are a DNA match
to me, either in FamilyTreeDNA (FTDNA), 23andMe, or AncestryDNA. Those are the three
DNA tests I have taken. Guess what? There is a wonderful FREE online DNA tool
called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">GEDmatch</b>. You can access the
site at <a href="http://www.gedmatch.com/">www.GEDmatch.com</a>. Did I mention
that it is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">FREE</span>!</b>
Although I have stressed its importance in other blog posts, this letter is to
re-stress the importance of uploading your raw data file from any of the three
aforementioned DNA companies to GEDmatch. Yes, this is indeed very very important.
Therefore, please upload to GEDmatch. Pretty please! </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">First, I
would like to briefly list a few reasons why uploading to GEDmatch is
important. Secondly, I will provide some instructions on how to do so.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Reasons to Upload to GEDmatch</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">To gain more DNA matches with others
who have tested with a different company but uploaded to GEDmatch. You might
even gain some high DNA matches. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">This is
especially important for adoptees</b>. A long lost sibling, parent, aunt or
uncle may be in GEDmatch.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">To be able to compare your DNA to known
family members in order to determine how you are related. This effective process
is called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">triangulation</b>. This can be
performed in 23andMe and FTDNA but not in AncestryDNA. This is a good blog post
that explains this process: <a href="http://blog.kittycooper.com/2015/02/triangulation-proving-a-common-ancestor/">http://blog.kittycooper.com/2015/02/triangulation-proving-a-common-ancestor/</a>
Here’s a scenario: Let’s say that you match me in AncestryDNA. Once you upload
to GEDmatch, I compare you to both of my parents and determine that you match
my father. Not only that, I compare you to other known relatives and determine
that you also match my father’s paternal second cousin in the same area on one
of our 23 chromosomes. Then, I know that you are related to me via my paternal
grandfather. We can then take a closer look at his family tree to try to
determine exactly how we are related.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">If you have taken the AncestryDNA
test, you do not even know exactly how much DNA you share with a DNA match. You
only get a “confidence score,” which is not that useful, in my opinion. DNA is
measured in units called centimorgans (cM). The more “cM” you share with
someone, the closer the relationship, in most cases. In GEDmatch, you learn how
much DNA you share with your DNA matches. You can also use ISOGG’s DNA
statistics chart to determine a possible relationship. Those statistics can be
seen <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics">here</a></b>. <span style="color: #990000;"><b>(Note: Ancestry DNA now shows the amount of DNA shared <span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">with your match. Just <span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">click on their DNA profile by clicking "View Match," and click the "i" besides the con<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">fidence score.)</span></span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">You have a plethora of analysis tools
in GEDmatch to learn more about your ancestry composition. You wanna see if you
truly have some Native American ancestry? You can do so in GEDmatch.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">You can even determine if your
parents are related to each other. Yes, for real. Many people did not know that
they married their cousin. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">You can do X-chromosome comparisons
in GEDmatch. You can’t do that in AncestryDNA. X-chromosome matches are revealing
because X-DNA is passed down via certain lineages. This helps to determine the
family connection. For further explanation, read <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2013/10/an-x-chromosome-match-provides-needed.html">this
blog post</a></b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">These are
just a few reasons why you should upload to GEDmatch. There are others, but I
know that your time is very important. The reasons I just listed are the most
important ones, in my opinion. Now, here’s how you can upload to GEDmatch:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Uploading your 23andMe Results to GEDmatch</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">1. In
23andMe, in the top right corner, click on your name and click on "Browse
Raw Data."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJ6G6r0kHcxUAJPUwbMCQqLKnuW3WOxrPqkk_LBe-IhXxAG5aqVrOmXkMhyJ_xFvFVNEoE5Ny423Jgei5KzYBB7GPi8Uj7ZKnVl7iG_DEVDV_uGY3f0Z1jLhzqAMlA98YeaC1M620PKs/s1600/DNA1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJ6G6r0kHcxUAJPUwbMCQqLKnuW3WOxrPqkk_LBe-IhXxAG5aqVrOmXkMhyJ_xFvFVNEoE5Ny423Jgei5KzYBB7GPi8Uj7ZKnVl7iG_DEVDV_uGY3f0Z1jLhzqAMlA98YeaC1M620PKs/s1600/DNA1.JPG" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">2. Once
that page opens, look underneath your name in the top right corner and click on
"Download".</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">3.
Re-enter your password and enter the answer to the secret question. Then,
choose your profile. For “Data Set,” select <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ALL DNA</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br />
4. Remember the spot where the raw data file is saved on your hard drive. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br />
5. Go to <a href="http://www.gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">www.GEDmatch.com</a>.
Register a new account. It will send a verification code to your e-mail
address. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA9XIiKLmsXfxX447WBI6EOUoaOu4qZ9osHcZ6REoJ4CdqBRAWJG__ioww_9zB5v-0Bl3Y2EFJMvU7xTMLjoTxCwLbDXf05BbsJXfInMO5eiejz1BX4N99MQuV6O2Sy2B35b-fegl6wW4/s1600/DNA2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA9XIiKLmsXfxX447WBI6EOUoaOu4qZ9osHcZ6REoJ4CdqBRAWJG__ioww_9zB5v-0Bl3Y2EFJMvU7xTMLjoTxCwLbDXf05BbsJXfInMO5eiejz1BX4N99MQuV6O2Sy2B35b-fegl6wW4/s1600/DNA2.JPG" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br />
6. Once in GEDmatch, under "Autosomal Raw Data," click on
"23andMe." </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br />
7. Complete the fields. You will see an icon at the bottom where you are asked
to upload your 23andMe raw data file. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br />
8. Then, watch it do its work. Do not close your browser while it is
processing. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";"><br />
9. Once it is done, you can do certain things in GEDmatch, like One-to-One
Comparison, but not everything until batch processing is 100% complete. That
may take several days.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Uploading your AncestryDNA Results to
GEDmatch</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Why
reinvent the wheel? This site here explains it in clear, step-by-step
directions: <a href="https://stonefamilytree.wordpress.com/2014/08/03/how-to-upload-your-ancestry-dna-test-results-to-gedmatch/">https://stonefamilytree.wordpress.com/2014/08/03/how-to-upload-your-ancestry-dna-test-results-to-GEDmatch/</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Uploading your FamilyTreeDNA (FTDNA) Results
to GEDmatch</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Why
reinvent the wheel? This site here explains it in clear, step-by-step
directions: <a href="http://yourdnaguide.com/uploading-to-gedmatch-from-ftdna/">http://yourdnaguide.com/uploading-to-GEDmatch-from-ftdna/</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Also, check
out my blog post called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“20 Do's and
Don'ts of DNA”</b> at <a href="http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.com/2015/01/20-dos-and-donts-of-dna.html" target="_blank">http://rootsrevealed.blogspot.<wbr></wbr>com/2015/01/20-dos-and-donts-o<wbr></wbr>f-dna.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">See…it’s
that simple! <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Please please please</b>
allocate some time to upload to GEDmatch. Yes, I am begging. Another world of
DNA matches and exciting information awaits you! Why not take advantage of it? Thank
you!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Sincerely,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif";">Your Hopeful
DNA Relative</span></div>
Melvin Collierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08804123091302875176noreply@blogger.com12